The basis of the modern upbringing of the baby is made up of two important factors. This is the world of objects surrounding him, as well as the world of relationships between adults: their behavior, attitude towards the child and towards each other. Watching the elders and focusing on them, the child learns what is good and what is bad, how to behave in a certain situation, what should be the reaction to events. Family education is about teaching the child all this, as well as developing his will so that he can make the right choice, no matter how difficult it may be.

Principles, tasks of family education

Family upbringing is a complex system of principles and methods. Here the influence of heredity, the natural health of the child and parents, financial situation, lifestyle, number of children, place of residence, attitude towards the baby is manifested. All these factors, intertwined, create a unique atmosphere for a particular family, a climate of communication.

The main functions of the family are:

• creating optimal or better conditions for the development of the baby;
• providing him with socio-economic, psychological protection;
• transfer of experience, how to create, save a family, how to raise children and treat elders, peers, younger;
• teaching children useful applied skills, the ability to serve themselves, help loved ones;
• fostering a sense of dignity.

What are the most important principles of family education? We list the main ones:

• the principle of openness and trust to children;
• their involvement in the life of the family;
• humanity, mercy;
• sequence of requirements for children (do not demand the impossible or the opposite);
• optimism in family relationships;
• mutual assistance, care;
• willingness to answer his questions.

In addition to general principles, there are also private ones on which development in the family is based. This may be a ban on physical punishment, a ban on reading other people's letters, diaries, a refusal to indulge or, on the contrary, demands to obey instantly, and much more.

The whole family philosophy should come down to one idea: not “the baby in the family is happy because he is obedient and does not cause problems”, but “the baby is good and easy with him, because he is welcome.”

The purpose of family education is to form qualities in children that will further help them to adequately overcome difficulties. The formation of morality, intelligence, emotional level, creative abilities, primary work experience, the physical health of the baby, his well-being - all this is influenced by the family, and all this relates to the functions of family education. The first educators of the baby, having the strongest effect on him, are his parents. Even the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau concluded that the influence of each subsequent educator is less than the influence of the previous one.

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Relationship Styles

Priority methods of family education - personal example, discussion, empathy, control, assignment, trust, love, traditions, customs, praise, etc. In different situations, individual models are used.

The main method of influence of parents on children is their own example. Parents are always perceived by young children as a standard, they imitate their actions, agree with their opinion, unconditionally trusting them. In modern conditions, the attitude of parents towards him is of great importance in the development of the personality of the baby.

Modern teachers, conducting research on the features of family relations, have developed two types of classifications. The first of them is based on distance.

Optimal Distance

This style of communication is based on the respect of the parents of the children. As a result, the child also treats adults with respect. The kid is accepted by the parents as a person, adults take into account his point of view, strive to develop his own opinion. When it comes to the choice of activities by a preschooler, his interests are considered the main ones.

Adults express their requests not in a rude command form, but on the basis of the children's understanding of the need to fulfill them. Relationships are based on cooperation and mutual understanding. Adults are interested, actively participate in all spheres of the baby's life. At the same time, they do not impose their opinion on him, but offer help.

Minimum distance

This type of communication is characterized by excessive guardianship, absolute control, restriction of the freedom of the baby. Parents make all decisions for the child, believing that he is too small, stupid, inexperienced, etc. Despite the age of the baby, they impose their point of view on him, make the choice of his social circle, the direction of his studies for him. In such a family, an infantile, lack of initiative, spineless child will grow up, unable to act independently. Becoming adults, they want to see in their spouse the likeness of their parents, able to surround him with care and guardianship.

Extended distance

This kind of communication is expressed by the alienation of adults from children, intentionally or forced. Parents spend little time interacting with their child. A minimum of communication causes the baby to lose vital interest, they do not listen to his opinion, his desires, inclinations are not taken into account. Thus, callousness, rudeness, indifference is developed.

Another typology determines the nature of the interaction between parents and children.

Authoritarian

This style of communication is based on the absolute subordination of the child to the parents. His characteristic includes addressing the baby in an orderly tone, rejection of his interests and individual characteristics, suppression of initiative. Adults do not explain their demands, and the baby often does not realize the purpose of his actions, but is forced to obey. The children become withdrawn, lose their vital interest, do not have the ability to think and be creative, to solve problems in modern society.

Democratic

This form of communication is recognized as the most optimal. It is distinguished by the desire for mutual love, respect, peace of mind for any member of the family. Parents communicate with the child as an equal, take him for a full member of the family, turn to him for advice. The child willingly takes the initiative, expresses his judgment, considers his parents his best friends, who are trusted and respected.

With a democratic way of communication, a comprehensive development takes place, the inclinations and interests of the baby are supported. Such kids are characterized by sociability, the ability to easily find their place in the world. For punishment in such a family, the chagrin of adults, the condemnation of an act is accepted. Children have an adequate reaction to the opinion of adults about their behavior and an understanding of the assessment of their act. This contributes to the emergence of an internal incentive for discipline.

Advice
Democracy and attitude "on an equal footing" does not mean treating the child as an adult, fully conscious, or capricious, infantile behavior of parents, their assimilation to children. No less than understanding, children need protection, orderliness and constancy - therefore, adults should be "big" and children "small" while maintaining love and friendship in family relationships.

Liberal

Here we are talking about permissiveness, forgiveness. Adults are afraid not to please the baby, satisfy all his desires, thereby trying to win his love. An excess of parental love will certainly lead to promiscuity and selfishness. From such children hypocritical, prudent people grow up, incapable of self-discipline, self-education.

How does the relationship between parents affect the upbringing of children?

A huge role in the development of the baby is given to the relationship of parents to each other. In observing adults, the child unconsciously forms a program of his own future family relationships. The way mother and father communicate, how they treat each other, how they defend their rights, opinions, what are the most important character traits from the point of view of mother and father - all this becomes the norm for the baby. Such attitudes are formed from birth for several years, are firmly fixed in the mind of the child and influence his future life. It is almost impossible to develop a different understanding of family relationships in a person.

In a family with stable relationships, an atmosphere of goodwill and understanding, the correct worldview of children, positive personal qualities, and abilities for self-realization are naturally formed.

Child and family are mirror images of each other. Parents are the first social environment of the baby. Their personalities play a significant role in the life of any person. It is natural that we turn to our parents, and especially to our mother, in difficult moments of our lives. In addition, the feelings that parents and the child have for each other are special, different from others.

Modern pedagogy claims that the universal requirement for raising a baby in a family, which is recommended to all parents, is full continuous psychological contact with him. A child who feels, experiences contact with parents feels and realizes parental care, affection, love. To ensure contact, you need to be sincerely interested in everything that surrounds the baby, delve into his childhood problems, strive to understand, observe the changes taking place in his character and feelings. With active care and a sense of security, adults are able to develop a child's confidence in the world and activity in its development.