Federal state educational standards are a set of specific pedagogical norms. They are mandatory for educational institutions. Next, we will analyze in more detail why the Federal State Educational Standards are needed.

General information

The requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard apply to almost everything in Russia. Until 2009, a slightly different name was applied to these norms. The word "federal" was missing from it. State educational standards apply to educational institutions that have state accreditation. Until 2000, educational institutions had to meet the standards for the minimum content of the level of training of graduates for each level and specialization.

Historical reference

1 The Federal State Educational Standards were adopted in 1992. This happened together with the publication of the relevant Law. Article 7 was fully devoted to GEF. The federal state educational standard in its original version was adopted by the Supreme Council. In connection with the adoption of the Constitution in 1993, this Regulation was repealed. The right to introduce the Federal State Educational Standard passed to the executive bodies. The Government of the Russian Federation determined the procedure in accordance with which these standards were to be adopted. It should be noted here that the Supreme Council during the entire period of having the right to adopt standards did not approve them. According to Eduard Dneprov, the draft amendments to the Law essentially threw him back - towards unitarism in pedagogy. They excluded such a thing as "national-regional component". This trend can be traced in the main approved in 1993. By 1996, the standardization of education had noticeably increased. This caused some resistance from the pedagogical community. The resentment of the teaching staff was expressed at that time in the form of strikes and protests.

First editions

In 1992, as mentioned above, a draft law was developed. The federal component of the state educational standard, in accordance with it, included five elements:

• The volume of the classroom load (maximum allowable).
• Requirements for the basic content of the main educational programs.
• The presence of pedagogical goals at each stage of education.
• Requirements for the level of preparation of children graduating from different school levels.
• Norms on the conditions of the learning process.

Under the influence of adherents of the subject-methodological approach, this edition was deformed by deputies from the trade union committee from the Supreme Council. As a result, the Federal component of the state educational standard was reduced to a 3-component form:

As a result, from Art. 7, the following points were excluded:

• target component.
• The requirements for the basic content of the core curricula used have been replaced by a "mandatory minimum" - a standard list of subject topics.
• The concept of the limit of permissible load, which, in fact, does not equal the maximum.
• Requirements for the conditions of the educational process itself.

VO standards

The federal state educational standard of higher education is obligatory for application by almost all universities of the Russian Federation. These include those that have received state accreditation. According to the Federal Law "On Lomonosov Moscow State University and St. Petersburg State University" and the Federal Law "On Education", Moscow and St. the right to develop and adopt educational standards independently at all levels of higher education. At the same time, the established standards cannot be lower than the existing ones.

Goals

Federal state educational standards are designed to provide:

• The unity of the pedagogical space of the Russian Federation.
• Continuity of the main curricula for all
• Spiritual and moral education and development.

The federal state educational standard establishes the periods of general and vocational training, taking into account their various forms, pedagogical methods and technologies, as well as the characteristics of certain categories of students.

Tasks

Based on the standards contained in the Federal State Educational Standard, the following is provided:

• Organization of the educational process in institutions that implement the basic plan in accordance with the standards, regardless of their subordination and legal form.
• Planning preliminary core training programs.
• Development of educational subjects, literature, courses, as well as control and measuring material.
• Planning standards for the financial support of educational activities of educational institutions. These, in particular, include those that implement the Federal State Educational Standards.
• Control and supervision of compliance with the provisions of the Law.
• Carrying out intermediate and final certifications.
• Building a system for internal monitoring in an educational institution.
• Organization of activities of methodological groups.
• Certification of the teaching staff and employees of the administrative and management system of municipal and state educational institutions.
• Organization of vocational training and retraining, as well as advanced training of specialists.

Structure

In accordance with the Federal Law of December 1, 2007, each standard includes three types of requirements:

• To the results of mastering the basic training course.
• To the conditions under which the implementation of the main curricula takes place, including financial, personnel, material and technical, and others.
• To the structure of basic curricula.

As a result, HE should form the student's professional and

Application of standards in the educational process

The implementation of each Federal Standard by an educational institution must be carried out according to the main educational program (BEP). It includes a calendar schedule, curriculum, work schemes for subjects, disciplines, courses and other elements, as well as methodological and evaluation materials.

Chronology

The Federal State Educational Standard of 2004 was the standard of the first generation for the general level of education. Subsequently, for each level of the educational process, their own standards were approved. So, for primary education (from grades 1 to 4), they were adopted in 2009, for basic education (grades 5-9) - in 2010. The federal state educational standard for secondary education (grades 10-11) was approved in 2012. The standards for the professional level of education of the first generation were adopted in 2000. The 2nd generation standards were focused on obtaining skills, abilities and knowledge by students. They have been approved since 2005. Third generation standards have been adopted since 2009. In accordance with them, higher education for students, as mentioned above, should develop professional and general cultural skills.

Professional training standards

Until 2000, the state uniform standard of professional higher education was used. It was adopted by the Government Decree of 1994. This standard defined:

• The structure of professional higher education and the composition of documents about it.
• General standards for student workload and its volume.
• Basic rules for compiling a list of specialties (directions).
• Requirements for basic educational programs of professional higher education, as well as the conditions for their application.
• The procedure for planning and approving standards for the level and minimum content of graduate training in accordance with specific specialties (directions).
• Rules for monitoring compliance with the requirements of the state standard for professional higher education.

For each specialty (direction of training), state requirements were adopted regarding the minimum content and level of training of students.

New generation regulations

Since 2013, in accordance with the Law regulating pedagogical activity in the Russian Federation, adopted in 2012, standards corresponding to the present must be approved. This provision applies to higher education curricula. In particular, this especially applies to the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel. In addition, the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education is provided for.

Development of standards

It can be carried out in accordance with levels, professions, stages, areas of training, specialties. The standards of pedagogical activity can be replaced by new ones at least once every ten years. Federal educational standards for the general link are developed in accordance with the levels of the educational process, for the professional - according to specialties (directions). When forming the latter, the relevant provisions are taken into account. The development of federal educational standards is carried out taking into account the promising and relevant interests of society, the individual and the country as a whole, its defense and security. At the same time, the need for the development of science, culture, technology and technology, the social sphere and the economy is also taken into account. The development of the Federal State Educational Standard is carried out in the manner prescribed by the relevant legislation of the Russian Federation. In particular, the work is carried out in accordance with the Regulations governing the performance of work and the provision of services for municipal or state needs. Standards for professional higher education are developed by educational and methodological associations of universities in specific areas (specialties). Compiled projects are sent to the Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation. It places them on the official website on the Internet for further discussion. It is attended by representatives of interested executive bodies, scientific and pedagogical communities, state and public groups operating in the educational system and other associations. The projects are then subject to independent evaluation.

Expertise

An independent assessment of draft regulations is carried out within 14 days from the date of receipt. The examination is carried out:

Based on the results of the independent evaluation, a conclusion is drawn up. It is sent back to the Ministry of Science and Education. signed by the head of the body or institution that conducted the assessment, or by a person authorized to do so. All drafts, comments, as well as the results of the analysis are discussed by the Council of the Ministry. He decides to recommend them either for approval or for revision. Projects and other materials may be rejected. After that, the Ministry of Science and Education makes its own decision regarding this or that standard. Any changes are made in the same manner as, in fact, the adoption of the standards itself.

Finally

The new Federal State Educational Standard of 2014 came into force on January 1. The procedure for adopting standards as a whole is regulated by the Rules for their development and approval. They, in turn, are adopted at the level of the Government of the Russian Federation. New standards apply today to preschool education. They are based on several main principles. Thus, the Federal State Educational Standard of 2014 is aimed at:

• Support for diversity, preservation of the value and uniqueness of childhood as one of the most important stages in human development.
• The humanistic, personality-developing nature of the relationship between an adult (a parent or legal representative, a teacher or an employee of another institution) and a child.
• Implementation in forms acceptable for children of each specific age category, primarily in the form of a game, research and cognitive activities, creative activity, etc., providing artistic and aesthetic development.
• Formation of respect for the child.

The objectives of this Federal Standard are as follows:

The new Federal Standard is aimed at solving the following tasks:

• Strengthening and protecting the mental and physical health of the child, his emotional well-being.
• Ensuring the same opportunities for adequate development in the preschool period, regardless of gender, place of residence, language, nation, social. status, psychophysiological and other characteristics (including the presence of disabilities).
• Combining education and training into a single process, the course of which is carried out on the basis of socio-cultural, moral and spiritual values, accepted rules and norms of behavior in society.
• Formation of a favorable environment for the development of the child in accordance with his individual and age inclinations and abilities.
• Providing psychological pedagogical support for the family, as well as raising awareness of parents or legal representatives in the field of health promotion, protection, and education of children.