The lesson is the main component of any educational process. It is on him that the main attention is focused not only on the student, but also on the teacher. Therefore, the quality of training students in a particular subject largely depends on the level of the lesson, its methodological and content content, as well as on the atmosphere prevailing in the classroom.

How to achieve high performance in the educational process? To do this, the teacher must carefully prepare all the stages of the modern lesson on the Federal State Educational Standard. These standards contain recommendations that allow not only to equip students with skills and knowledge, but also to tell the teacher what to do so that everything that happens in the classroom arouses genuine enthusiasm and sincere interest among pupils.

The structure of the modern lesson

To ensure the purposeful activity of the learning process, all its links are divided into separate elements. These are the stages of the lesson. They include not only the study of new material, accompanied by high mental activity of students, but also the task of memorizing and long-term storage of all acquired knowledge.

The stages of a GEF lesson in a primary school depend on its goals and objectives. So, if students are invited to consolidate and develop already acquired knowledge, then the stages of the lesson include:

• communication to students of the purpose of the lesson;
• reproduction of knowledge, skills and abilities by students;
• performance by students of the tasks and exercises proposed by the teacher;
• verification of already completed work;
• discussion of the mistakes made and their correction;
• recording homework (if necessary).

The stages of the GEF lesson, a sample of which is given below, aim to form the skills and abilities of students. Such a structure of the educational process consists of:

• repetition of already formed knowledge and skills;
• solving verification problems;
• learning new skills;
• showing a sample exercise on the acquired knowledge and completing the task according to the specified algorithm;
• summarizing the lesson;
• homework records.

The stages of the consolidation lesson according to the Federal State Educational Standards consist of:

• in organizing the beginning of the lesson;
• setting up educational and educational tasks;
• checking homework.

In the lesson to consolidate the acquired knowledge, the teacher should create a calm and businesslike atmosphere. Children should not be afraid of control and verification work. This will cause them excessive excitement and skew the results.

Stages of the lesson in elementary school

Modern Russian education considers its main goal not to be the usual transfer of skills and abilities from a teacher to a student, but the formation and further development of children's abilities to independently pose an educational problem, to formulate an algorithm for solving it, and subsequently to control the evaluation of the result obtained.

The modern GEF lesson is an effective learning process. It is directly related to the interests of the child and his parents, as well as the state and society as a whole.

The stages of the GEF lesson in elementary school have their own characteristics and consist of the following elements:

• class organization;
• updating (repetition) of previously acquired skills and knowledge;
• problem setting;
• discovery of new knowledge;
• physical education minutes;
• primary fixation of the material;
• performing independent work with self-examination according to the proposed standard;
• physical education minutes;
• inclusion of new material in the knowledge system;
• summarizing the lesson.

All stages of the GEF lesson in elementary school aim to prepare the student for self-development. It is assumed that the junior student will acquire the ability to:

• independently choose goals that are adequate to his abilities;
• set goals and make decisions;
• independently find ways to solve non-standard situations;
• exercise control over their own actions;
• coordinate your point of view with other people and communicate with them.

In other words, the stages of a modern lesson under the conditions of the Federal State Educational Standards aim to turn a child from a passive listener into a researcher who acquires knowledge and works independently with other children. This increases the role of the teacher. He must be a true professional and have a desire to reveal the abilities of each student. This is the main resource of the educational process, without which the modern requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards, which involve the organization of educational activities at school, become impossible.

The main stages of the school lesson

The most important task that the modern education system sets for itself is not only the acquisition of knowledge by children in a particular subject. Its purpose is also the formation of learning activities that involve "teaching to learn".

A modern student is required to be able to manage their own educational activities and to master the skills of self-assessment and self-control. At the same time, the main stages of the GEF lesson are:

• goal setting;
• productive independent activity;
• reflection.

Let's consider them in more detail.

goal setting

In the structure of traditional lessons, this stage occupied a leading place. However, today the education system considers it from a new position. All stages of the GEF lesson have undergone certain qualitative changes. They also touched on goals. At this stage, the task of the teacher is not at all to bring his goal to the students. The teacher must create such conditions that the child himself realizes the meaning of the educational task and accepts it as especially significant for him. Only in this case the activity of the student will become purposeful and motivated. The child will seek to find, learn and prove.

Considering the goals of the stages of the lesson according to the Federal State Educational Standard, we can say that goal-setting in a special way designs the educational actions of schoolchildren. At the same time, it is associated with the level of development of children, the characteristics of the topic being studied, the professionalism of the teacher and the external social order.

Organization of the first stage of the school lesson

Often teachers find it difficult to formulate the goal. This may be due to the fact that the first stage of the lesson, as many believe, you just need to overcome, and then forget about it. However, it is not. Goal-setting goes through all stages of the lesson in accordance with GEF. At the same time, it is entrusted with the functions of motivating students, as well as stabilizing the process of obtaining knowledge and diagnosing the work performed. In other words, we can say this: "As the goal is set, so will the result be."

Setting goals is not easy. This process will require thinking through techniques and means that would motivate students for future activities.

One of the options for solving this technological problem can be the following list of actions:

• diagnosing the goals of students;
• systematization and subsequent analysis of the identified data;
• designing technological lines for obtaining knowledge of schoolchildren and a technological line for supplying material by a teacher.

Goal setting techniques

Going through the stages of the lesson according to the Federal State Educational Standard, the teacher at the very first of them should name the topic of the lesson and invite the class to formulate a goal. This can be done using support verbs. Among them are the following: analyze, study and be able to, find out, prove and generalize, compare, consolidate, etc.

Another goal-setting technique involves working on a concept. In this case, the teacher must explain the meanings of all the words of the topic, finding the answers in the explanatory dictionary.

The third method of goal-setting invites the teacher to conduct conversations with children aimed at concretizing and generalizing the new educational material. Such a dialogue brings children to what they cannot yet talk about due to their incompetence. In the situation that has arisen, additional actions or research will be required from schoolchildren. This is the purpose of the lesson.

The teacher can also offer the children a particular problem situation. This technique leads to the fact that the child discovers a deficit in his abilities and knowledge. In this case, the goal will be perceived by him as a subjective problem.

Independent work

How can the effectiveness of the lesson be improved? To do this, the teacher must follow the most accessible path, proven by long practice. At the same time, the lesson enters its second stage, which involves independent work of students. In this time period, which occupies a special place in any school activity, children acquire knowledge in the process of personal activity.

At the same time, the teacher only needs to manage the independent work of his wards. This stage of the lesson becomes a very effective learning tool, which:

• in each case corresponds to the set didactic goal and tasks to be solved;
• leads students from ignorance to knowledge, forming in them a certain volume and level of skills and abilities;
• develops in children psychological readiness for systematic independent replenishment of acquired knowledge, as well as the ability to navigate in a huge stream of social and scientific information;
• serves as a serious instrument of pedagogical management and guidance over the independent educational activities of the student.

Organization of the second stage of the lesson

GEF put forward certain requirements for the content of independent work, the form of its implementation and purpose. All these instructions allow you to properly organize this stage of the lesson, the main purpose of which is not only to acquire new knowledge, but also to develop habits and skills for work.

Independent work can be:

• individual;
• frontal;
• group.

In this case, such tasks can be:

1. reproduced according to the model. This will allow the student to remember a certain algorithm of actions in each specific situation and to master them firmly enough.
2. Made according to the reconstructive-variant type. Such independent work is carried out on the basis of already acquired knowledge, offering a search for a specific way to solve new problems.
3. heuristic. Such independent work forms the skills and abilities of students to find a solution outside the model known to them.
4. Creative. Such works allow schoolchildren to acquire new knowledge, as well as constantly strengthen the skills of their independent search.

At this stage of the lesson, children can be offered a variety of types of work with the book, as well as solving exercises and problems.

Reflection

After the first and second stages of the lesson (according to the Federal State Educational Standards) are completed, the new state standards of general education offer the next step in universal educational activities. It consists in the acquisition of reflective skills by children. At the same time, students must understand the reasons for the success or failure of their educational activities.

There shouldn't be bad kids in school. The teacher is obliged to notice even the slightest progress of the child forward and support him in time.

Reflection as a stage of the modern lesson (FSES) allows you to support children's activity and creativity. It also has a direct impact on the consciousness of the student.

Reflection is a prerequisite for creating a developing environment in the classroom. And for the teacher, it is not an end in itself. It is a process that prepares children for internal conscious reflection. What does this concept include? Translated from Latin, the word "reflection" means nothing more than "turning back."

According to the dictionary of foreign words, this concept means "self-knowledge and reflection on the internal state." The stress in this word is placed on the syllable "le".

Considering the stages of the lesson on the Federal State Educational Standard, it is impossible to ignore reflection. In modern pedagogy, this concept means introspection of educational activities, as well as its results. Reflection teaches the child to self-esteem, self-control and self-regulation. It forms in him the habit of understanding events and various problems. Psychologists associate reflection with the development and formation of a person's spiritual life. However, it is difficult for a child to learn to manage himself without the help of a teacher. It is the joint work of the teacher and the student that makes it possible to obtain concrete results that help the student evaluate their activities in the lesson.

Types of reflection

At the beginning and at the end of the lesson, it is of great importance for the teacher to establish emotional contact with the students. To do this, he can use the technique of mood reflection. The easiest option for this is to show cards with emoticons. Moreover, the faces depicted in the picture should be cheerful, sad and neutral. In addition, the teacher can offer the children to opt for the sun or the cloud. The first drawing will mean a good mood, and the second - a bad one.

Another method of mood reflection is the choice of one of two pictures. One of them depicts a landscape imbued with sadness, and the second - fun and joy. Students should choose a picture that matches their mood.

The next type of reflection is activity reflection. It is a comprehension of the techniques and methods of work performed on educational material. This type is used, as a rule, when checking assignments at the end of the lesson. In this case, students are invited to evaluate the results of the lesson in the form of the end of phrases such as:

• I figured it out...
• I found out...
• I managed ... etc.