Most often, such requirements are presented in the guidelines for the relevant subject issued by the university. If there are no instructions from the teacher in this regard, then it is worth focusing on a volume of 25-35 pages. At the same time, the older the course, the closer the volume of the coursework should be to the upper limit of the range (about 35 pages).

Important! Applications are numbered separately and are not included in the course volume.

The volume of structural parts of the course work

If everything is relatively clear with the overall scope of work, then what volume should each structural part have? How to skillfully distribute information into chapters in order to reveal the topic and “fit” into the given boundaries?

Title page

On the first page, the number is not put, but in the total volume term paper it turns on.

Table of contents

The second page of the coursework is the table of contents. Even though she herself research begins with an introduction, the table of contents is a full section of any scientific work, which is included in the volume and numbered.

Introduction

The introductory part of the course work is presented next required elements, the total volume of which is 1-2 pages. In this part, the main essence of the study is presented in a concise form. If the introduction goes beyond two pages, then it is worth revising the content of this part. Perhaps it is worth reducing the relevance, reflecting its formulation more capaciously, accurately and concisely, revising the tasks, research methods, etc.

Main part

This part is the basis of the term paper and takes about 20-25 pages. The number of chapters may vary depending on the subject, but most often the main part of the course contains 3 chapters. The allocated volume should be evenly distributed between the chapters: 6-8 pages per chapter. In the same way, these pages should be distributed among the paragraphs of each chapter: depending on their number, there are 2-4 pages per paragraph.

Conclusion

In the final part, the main conclusions and proposals for the study are formulated. This part of the work usually takes 2-3 pages.

Bibliography

The number of pages that the list of references occupies depends on the number of sources. If the teacher does not impose any special requirements on the number of sources, then it should be expected that there is one source of literature per page of the text. Thus, a list of references from 35 sources will take about 2-3 pages.

Getting to the implementation of the course work, the student must draw up a plan. Already at this stage, it is very important to estimate approximately how many pages each paragraph will occupy, so that subsequently there will be no difficulties with such a seemingly trifle as compliance with the requirements for volume.

It consists in the fact that article exchanges tie customers to a certain volume of the article. When you place an order, you must specify how many characters should be in the article. The work of the authors is paid by the nth amount for 1000 characters.

What do customers do to determine the required length of an article? They look at existing competitors and take the average figure from the articles in the Yandex TOP10.

I don't like this approach. It is impossible to limit the article to a certain number of characters in advance, because the customer cannot know how much the article will fully reveal the essence of the issue.

Based on this, we denote the first rule:

1. THE VOLUME OF THE ARTICLE SHOULD BE SUCH TO FULLY ANSWER THE USER'S QUESTION

However, we cannot limit ourselves to this rule only, because search engine algorithms (Yandex and Google) come into play. We need not only write interesting article for readers, but also to make sure that it is in the first places in search engines. And search engines are good at large voluminous articles. Based on this, we designate the second rule:

2. THE ARTICLE MUST BE LONG

To refer to such articles in the everyday life of the authors, such a word as longread appeared (English longread; long read - lit. “long reading”). Without going into details, these are articles in the range of 10,000 - 25,000 characters that can hold the reader's attention for 10-40 minutes. For myself, I deduced a certain average value ~ 15.000 - 25.000 characters without spaces.

Although we have many articles that have a volume of 30,000, 40,000, 50,000 characters. And even more.

Thus, the third rule can be formulated:

3. DO NOT BLOCK THE VOLUME OF THE ARTICLE WITH WATER AND GARBAGE WORDS, YOU NEED MEAT

You need to find additional user questions on the topic, non-obvious problems, subtleties and nuances, everyday examples, interesting stories, expert comments.

Vera Spiridonova
General education program in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard

IN in accordance with the Federal Law"On Education in the Russian Federation" programs preschool education implemented educational organizations must comply with GEF BEFORE from the moment the law came into force, that is, back in September 2013, we had, as the law says, to work in a new way.

But there is another date, January 1, 2014, which, by Order No. 1155 dated October 17, 2013 "About approval GEF DO» designated as the date of cancellation of the previously existing FGT to the structure of the PLO DO and entry into force GEF DO. At the same time, Rosobranadzor draws attention in its letter of 02/07/2014 to article 108 part 5 of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation", according to which the names and charters of educational institutions are subject to correspondence with this Federal Law no later than 01/01/2016 and emphasizes the inadmissibility of the requirement from organizations engaged in educational activities for programs preschool education to immediately bring their statutory documents and educational programs in accordance with GEF DO in the context of an incomplete cycle of examination and formation of a register of exemplary basic educational programs.

Thus, the period of transition of the preschool educational institution to GEF DO, starting from the date of inclusion in the register of exemplary BEPs of DOs that have passed the examination of at least one and ending no later than 01/01/2016.

The question arises: For which regulations and/or guidelines can be relied upon when compiling or modifying the OOP DO?

Basis for development (changes) OOP DO is exclusively GEF DO. Approximate programs BEFORE after passing the examination on compliance with GEF DO and subsequent inclusion in the Federal Register of EPP can be used as a guideline or methodological basis for the development of the DO DO. New is what is basic program may not include an example program, but to develop independently (this right is defined by law) and then it should be presented in detail. If the beloved is exemplary program will be included in the federal register kindergarten will be able to simply refer to it, i.e., it will be possible to arrange it as a link to relevant Sample program (clause II.8).

Program consists of two parts:

1) mandatory part (this is the complex part programs) ;

2) part formed by the participants educational process(these are the partial programs, which teachers can either choose from existing ones or develop on their own).

The volume of the mandatory part Programs is at least 80% of the time required for implementation Programs, and the part formed by the participants of the educational process - no more than 20% the total volume of the Program.

Program consists of a mandatory part and a part formed by participants in educational relations.

Both parts are complementary and necessary.

The volume of the mandatory part Programs must be at least 60% of its total volume, and the part formed by the participants of educational relations - no more than 40%

The structure of the main educational GEF programs includes all three main section:

1) target,

3) organizational.

Each section reflects the mandatory part and the part formed by the participants in the educational process.

We see that the GOS offers a specific drafting option Programs. And already in the first section, we plan the results that we would like to see in children.

1. Explanatory note (age and individual characteristics of the contingent of children brought up in educational institution; priority areas of activity of an educational institution for the implementation of basic preschool education; goals and objectives of the activities of an educational institution for the implementation of the main general education programs of preschool education; features of the implementation of the educational process (national-cultural, demographic, climatic and others); principles and approaches to the formation of the Program).

2. The organization of children in an educational institution includes ( daily organization life and activities of children, depending on their age and individual characteristics and the social order of parents, providing for personality-oriented approaches to the organization of all types of children's activities; designing the educational process in compliance with the contingent of pupils, their individual and age characteristics) mode of stay

1. Target Section includes

1.1. Explanatory note revealing the goals and objectives of implementation Programs, principles and approaches to the formation of the Program, significant for the development and implementation Characterization programs, including characteristics of developmental features of children of early and preschool age)

1.2 Planned development results Programs(taking into account age, individual, developmental characteristics of children with disabilities).

2.1. Reveals the content of education in five educational areas.

2.2. The educational technologies used in the work of the kindergarten, and exactly: forms, methods, methods and means of implementing the Program.

There is a new additional section that should show parents general education program V summary or as a presentation.

5. Planned results of mastering the basic general educational program preschool education are divided into final and intermediate.

6. Monitoring system for children's achievement of the planned learning outcomes Programs(an integrated approach to assessing the final and intermediate results of the development Programs)

3. Organizational section

3.1. Contains the routine and/or routine of the day.

3.2. Model of the educational process.

3.3. Features of the organization of the developing object-spatial environment.

3.4. Description of Logistics Pro- grams: provision of methodological materials and means of education and upbringing.

4. Optional section programs is its brief presentation, focused primarily on the parents of pupils.

So let's summarize

General in the Program:

Preserving the variability of preschool education;

DOE independently develops educational program;

- 2 parts OOP: obligatory and optional;

Implementation programs during the entire time the child is in kindergarten;

Accounting for regional characteristics, individual characteristics and needs of the child and parents;

A complex approach;

The main content of the sections;

The main types of children's activities;

Education in the process of interaction of the child with peers, adults and in independent activities;

Basic principles of building a subject-developing environment (subject-spatial developing environment).

Difference:

Three groups of requirements are defined (to the structure, to the conditions for the implementation of the OOP DO, to the result);

Changed structure programs, highlighted sections: "Target", "Meaningful", "Organizational" and an additional section "Presentation programs»

Changed the ratio of the volumes of program parts: 60/40 %;

Changed the number and name of educational regions: socio-communicative, cognitive, speech, artistic, aesthetic, physical development;

Emphasis is placed on supporting the socialization and individualization of the child's development;

There are no strict requirements for the monitoring system;

- "integrative qualities"(that is, those qualities and properties that in their totality create the individuality of the child) are replaced "targets"(social and psychological characteristics possible achievements of the child at the stage of completion of the DL level)

According to Alexander Asmolov, “The standard of preschool education is, first of all, the standard for supporting the diversity of childhood.”

“This is a standard that allows you to hear a child,” said Nikolai Veraksa, Dean of the Faculty of Educational Psychology at the Russian State Humanitarian University. – The voice of the child especially valuable: if we do not hear it, there will be no curiosity, arbitrariness (the ability to master activities, initiative, readiness to change. This is a new step in understanding childhood. ”

The authors of the new preschool education standard believe that the implementation of this project will make it possible to turn kindergartens into adequate preschool education institutions, in which there will be no pursuit of school knowledge.

The total volume of the mandatory part of the main

a general education program for children with disabilities, which should be implemented in compensatory and combined groups,

includes time for:

directly educational activity with a qualified correction of physical and (or) mental development children;

educational activities with qualified correction of deficiencies in the physical and (or) mental development of children, carried out during regime moments;

independent activity of children;

interaction with families of children on the implementation of the main general education program

preschool education for children with

disabilities

Approximate total volume of the mandatory part

the main general educational program of preschool education

for children with disabilities

Directly educational activities with qualified correction of deficiencies in the physical and (or) mental development of children

educational activities with qualified correction of deficiencies in the physical and (or) mental development of children, carried out during regime moments Independent activities of children

Interaction with children's families

18-21% 24-28% 32-36% 41-44%

additional 5-6% to directly educational activities children and educational activities carried out during regime moments, a mandatory part of the main general education program, if the institution, based on the results of state accreditation, has one priority area of ​​activity;

an additional 11-12% if the institution, based on the results of state accreditation, has two priority areas of activity;

The approximate total volume of the part formed by the participants in the educational process

an additional 17-18% if the institution, based on the results of state accreditation, has three priority areas of activity;

an additional 24-25%, if the institution, according to the results of state accreditation, has all areas of activity as a priority.

"Joint activity of an adult and children" -

activity of two or more participants

educational process (adults and pupils) to solve educational problems in the same space and at the same time. It is distinguished by the presence of a partner (equal) position of an adult and a partner form of organization (the possibility of free placement, movement and communication of children in the process of educational activities). It assumes individual, subgroup and group forms of organization of work with pupils.

"Independent activity of children" -

1) the free activity of pupils in the conditions of the subject-developing educational environment created by teachers, ensuring the choice of activities by each child according to interests and allowing him to interact with peers or act individually;

2) the activities of pupils organized by the educator, aimed at solving problems related to the interests of other people (emotional well-being of other people, helping others in everyday life, etc.).

The main general educational program of preschool education

To ensure the protection and strengthening of the health of children, their comprehensive (physical, cognitive-speech, artistic-aesthetic, social-personal) development through the organization various kinds children's activities and amateur performances, the leading of which is the game.

To help the child achieve a level of development that provides him

psychological and physical readiness for school , to create equal conditions for the upbringing, development and education of children, regardless of the material wealth of the family, place of residence, language and cultural environment, ethnic background.

conform to the principledeveloping education whose purpose is the development of the child.

meet the criteriacompleteness, necessity and sufficiency(to allow solving the set goals and objectives only on the basis of the necessary and sufficient material, as close as possible to a reasonable "minimum").

Form such knowledge, skills and abilities which are directly related to development preschool children.

and the Russian federal rules of audit activity form the required scope of the audit. The scope of the audit is also determined federal standards, other normative legal acts.

Remark 1

The term "audit scope" refers to the audit procedures necessary to achieve the audit objective with all audit obligations.

Auditing organizations have the following powers:

• making decisions on the types, number and depth of audit procedures;
• making decisions about the time spent, as well as the number of specialists and their composition, who are engaged in the audit and preparation of the auditor's opinion.

Consider the main steps of the audit:

• planning an audit to organize an effective and economically viable audit, at this stage, the strategy, tactics of the audit, its timing are determined, and a general plan and audit program are developed;
• collection of audit evidence - it is necessary to obtain such evidence that will become the basis for the formation of an opinion containing information about the reliability of the company's financial statements;
• cooperation with the head of the economic entity and other persons, such as auditor assistants, involved experts, internal auditors - at this stage, it is necessary to review the results of the work performed, as well as assess the possibilities of using the results of their activities as reliable audit evidence;
• documenting the audit - it is necessary to fix the main aspects of the work performed, the conclusions drawn, which are important for the formation of the auditor's opinion;
• formation of conclusions and opinions on the accounting and financial statements of the enterprise - the auditor's opinion should contain an opinion that contains information about the reliability of the financial statements of the enterprise.

Mandatory audits are subject to:

• joint-stock companies;
• enterprises operating in the securities market;
• insurance and credit companies;
• pension fund of the Russian Federation.

Until December 2, 2014, enterprises with the status of an open joint-stock company had to undergo a mandatory audit. But on December 2, 2014, amendments were made to the federal law No. 307 "On Auditing". These amendments stated that joint-stock companies can now only be public or not public. But regardless of the form, such enterprises are subject to mandatory audit.

Scope of statutory audit

The scope of the statutory audit auditor's work includes the following procedures:

• verification of the correctness of registration of all operations in the documentation of the enterprise and those elements that are in doubt;
• organization of inventory at the enterprise;
• checking the financial situation at the enterprise, focusing on the data of the balance sheet and reporting;
• assessment of the degree of effectiveness of accounting policies at the enterprise;
• if there are consolidated financial statements, they are checked.

Remark 2

It should be noted that if a statutory audit of joint-stock enterprises is carried out, then the additional items in the scope of the audit include circumstances and data that characterize:

• share capital (by types of investments);
• the number of shares - which are authorized, issued and not paid;
• the value of shares that are not redeemed;
• par value and income from each share;
• movements in equity accounts during the audited period;
• the rights, benefits and restrictions under which dividends are distributed;
• debts on cumulative accumulated dividends on shares having the status of preferred shares;
• received proceeds from the sale of securities;
• shares held in reserve for sale under options and contracts.