Khodchenkova Galina Mikhailov, biology teacher, Zharkovskaya secondary school No. 1, Tver region

Biology lesson in grade 5

on the topic: "Signs of living organisms"

The purpose of the lesson: generalize and deepen knowledge about wildlife; form the concept of signs of living organisms.

Lesson objectives:

Educational:

to deepen and expand knowledge about the signs - the properties of living organisms;

continue work on the formation of biological terms.

Developing:

develop independent activity;

the ability to quickly navigate the flow of information: find the right, comprehend and apply the information received;

to teach to identify and justify the most important properties of living organisms.

Educational:

formation of the ability to work in a team;

respect the opinion of their comrades, be able to clearly and logically state their point of view and argue it.

Planned educational results:

personal: explain the characteristic features of living organisms;

metasubject: be able to work with various sources

information; the ability to highlight the main thing in the text

subject: identify the characteristics of living organisms

formulate the concept of "reproduction", "individual development", "irritability"

Equipment: educational presentation, exercise book No. 1, information sheets (handout)

During the classes:

Class organization

Greeting the teacher and students, checking the readiness of students for the lesson.

Summing up the studied section "Introduction"

Teacher: guys, we have finished our acquaintance with the first section of the textbook "Introduction", to which 3 lessons have been devoted. Before moving on to the next section, let's summarize a little.

In previous lessons, we talked about the uniqueness of our planet - planet Earth, in comparison with other planets solar system.

Let's remember what is its uniqueness? ( slide2)

(there is life, it is inhabited by various living organisms)

What shell of the earth do they form? (biosphere) (slide 3)

What is the science that studies living organisms called? (biology)

- Which of the living organisms is the link between the earth and space? (plants). Prove it! ( slide3-4)

Working on new material

Update,motivation(on the formulation of the topic and objectives of the lesson)

Teacher: living organisms vary in shape, size, appearance, lifestyle. However, there are signs inherent in all organisms that distinguish them from bodies of inanimate nature. ( slide5)

List the features of living organisms that you know about.

(nutrition, breathing, locomotion...).

Teacher: look at the slide, what signs of living organisms did you not name?

(slide 6)

- Why do you think there are still blank lines?

(there are other signs)

- It is about them that we will discuss in our lesson.

Teacher: guys, formulate the topic and task of the lesson (recording the topic of the lesson in notebooks)

Teacher: we have the opportunity to expand our knowledge, to learn more about the signs of living organisms.

Where and how to find out! ( slide 7)

3.2. Independent work study in pairs.

1. textbook - p.14

2. information sheets ( additional material)

3. exercise book No. 1, p. 15 “We work with text”, task No. 1

4. Musicalexercise for the eyes (slide 8-9)

5. The stage of primary consolidation of new knowledge (checking the acquired knowledge, discussing the completed task)

Teacher: Guys, what other important features of living organisms have you learned about?

What arguments did the exercise book give, proving that the car is an inanimate object?

Teacher: How do you imagine such signs of living things as a cellular structure? (individual development, reproduction, irritability).

(discussion)

Because these concepts are complicated for fifth graders, during the discussion (for a better perception of biological concepts) slides 10-26 are used

5. Application of new knowledge(slide 27)

5.1. Filling in the table "The main features of living organisms V"

signs

(with subsequent verification)

1. textbook- p.14 (read)

2. exercise book №1, p.31 “Compare and generalize”

5.1. Summing up the work(self-assessment)

Teacher: rate yourself for your work.

Criteria:

If there are no mistakes when doing the work, the lesson was learned “excellently”

Minor mistakes were made, the lesson was learned “well” Mistakes were made, the lesson was learned “satisfactorily”, it is necessary to finalize

7. homework information,grading(slide 28)

Photo essay "Signs of living organisms"

Drawing up questions - tasks on the topic "Signs of living organisms »

8. Reflection (slide29)

Finish the sentence:

In class, I worked...

Bibliography

1. Sukhorukova L. N., Kuchmenko V. S., Kolesnikova I. Ya. Biology. Living organism. Grades 5-6: textbook for educational institutions. - M.: Education, 2012.-14s 2. Sukhorukova L.N., Kuchmenko V.S., Dmitrieva E.A. Biology. Living organism. Notebook-simulator. Part 1. - M .: Education, 2012. - 15.31 p. 3. Sukhorukova L.N., Kuchmenko V.S., Dmitrieva E.A. Biology. Living organism. lesson guidelines. M.: Enlightenment, 2012.-15.31 p.

Internet resources

The earth is inhabited by diverse living beings, not similar to each other. Despite the different structure and special way of life, they are united by the properties of living organisms. These properties distinguish living matter (all living beings of the planet), from inanimate nature (mountains, rivers, stones).

Properties

The differences between living nature and inanimate matter are described in detail in the table of properties of a living organism.

Rice. 1. Cellular structure of organisms.

Living organisms do not live apart from inanimate nature, but actively interact with it. Water and oxygen - belong to inanimate matter, but at the same time are vital substances for living organisms. The interaction of animate and inanimate nature through metabolism is called the circulation of substances.

Biodiversity

The general properties of living things are inherent in both unicellular organisms, consisting of only one cell, and complexly organized animals, such as humans. All biodiversity for ease of study subdivided into five kingdoms:

• viruses;
• bacteria;
• plants;
• mushrooms;
• animals.

Rice. 2. Kingdoms of wildlife.

Many scientists consider viruses to be inanimate nature. They are on the border of the transition of substances into a living form and have the properties of living and inanimate matter. For example, they are capable of reproduction, but they do not grow and do not feed.

Bacteria are different unicellular organisms(plants and animals) the absence of a nucleus - the part of the cell in which hereditary information is stored. Such primitive organisms reproduce by division and have all the signs of life.

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Plants, fungi and animals are eukaryotes. Their cells have a well-formed nucleus. Plants differ from fungi in that they have leaves and are capable of photosynthesis. Mushrooms are not animals, because. have a special structure and are not capable of active movement.

The animal kingdom is very vast and covers many creatures from unicellular protozoa (amoeba) to mammals (elephant, cat, squirrel), which include humans.

Rice. 3. Variety of animals.

All living organisms have the same chemical composition, because. are made up of the same elements. Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen are essential for life.

What have we learned?

From the 5th grade biology lesson, we learned about the basic properties of living matter, as well as about the diversity of life on Earth. The main signs of living things are reproduction, respiration, nutrition, growth. The basis of all living beings is the cell. All the diversity of wildlife is represented by five kingdoms - viruses, bacteria, plants, fungi, animals. Viruses are a transitional form from inanimate to living matter.

Topic quiz

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Hello again!

Congratulations on the start of a new school year! The fifth grade is a new step towards independence: new teachers, subjects, interests. More lessons mean more homework. happy to help again.

We are in 5th grade. One of the new lessons Biology! My son really liked the subject, he came from school, gesticulates, explains, says - do not stop. Business!)

And why did I look into the notebook?! I felt that happiness is deceptive. The heading is highlighted and underlined, carefully crafted:

Biology - The science of living organisms!

So that! :))

First homework we have: write the signs of living organisms. I am happy to publish!

The main features of living organisms

1. Breath
2. Nutrition
3. Movement
4. Growth (increase in body size)
5. Development (acquisition of new properties)
6. Reproduction (reproduction of their own kind: acorn-oak, egg-chicken)
7. Aging and Dying
8. Excretion (carry out metabolism: plants absorb carbon dioxide, release oxygen, animals - vice versa)
9. Cellular structure (may consist of one or many cells, have organs)
10. Irritability (reaction to changes in the environment: tree leaves fall, hibernation)

Question 1. How are plants different from animals?

Question 2. What are the characteristics of living organisms?

Living organisms grow, feed, breathe, develop, multiply, have irritability, release products of their vital activity (metabolism and energy) into their environment. All living organisms are made up of cells (except viruses).

Question 1. What kingdoms of living organisms do you know?

There are four kingdoms: Bacteria, Fungi, Plants and Animals.

Question 2. What features distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects?

Living organisms differ from inanimate objects in the following features: growth, nutrition, respiration, development, reproduction, irritability, excretion, metabolism and energy, mobility. Inanimate objects do not have such features.

Question 3. What is the importance for the existence of life on Earth is the ability of organisms to reproduce?

If reproduction stops at any stage of organisms, all living things will gradually disappear. This speaks to the relationship of living organisms. Reproduction carries out the transfer of hereditary information and the continuity of generations. Reproduction allows the population to exist, to continue its species.

Think

Consider Figure 9. What phenomenon is depicted in it, and why is it called the "food chain"? Make your own food chain that is typical for living organisms that live in your area.

This figure depicts the phenomenon of the "supply chain". It really looks like a chain of certain links that successively replace each other. Examples:

Sun → grass → hare → wolf;

Sun → tree foliage → caterpillar → bird (tit, oriole) → hawk or falcon;

Spruce → squirrel → marten;

Sun → grass → caterpillar → mouse → viper → hedgehog → fox.

Tasks. Plan your paragraph.

Paragraph plan

§3. Diversity of wildlife. kingdoms of living organisms. hallmarks of the living.

Paragraph plan:

1. Kingdoms of living organisms;

2. Differences between living organisms and inanimate objects;

3. The main features of living organisms;

3.1. Cell structure;

3.2. Chemical composition;

3.3. Metabolism;

3.4. Irritability;

3.6. Development;

Basic terms and concepts tested in examination work : homeostasis, unity of animate and inanimate nature, variability, heredity, metabolism.

– cellular structure . All organisms on earth are made up of cells. An exception are viruses that exhibit the properties of a living thing only in other organisms.

Metabolism - a set of biochemical transformations occurring in the body and other biosystems.

Self-regulation - maintaining the constancy of the internal environment of the body (homeostasis). Persistent disturbance of homeostasis leads to the death of the organism.

Irritability - the ability of the body to respond to external and internal stimuli (reflexes in animals and tropisms, taxises and nastia in plants).

Variability - the ability of organisms to acquire new features and properties as a result of the influence of the external environment and changes in the hereditary apparatus - DNA molecules.

Heredity The ability of an organism to pass on its traits from generation to generation.

Reproduction or self-reproduction - the ability of living systems to reproduce their own kind. Reproduction is based on the process of duplication of DNA molecules with subsequent cell division.

Growth and development - all organisms grow during their lives; development is understood as both the individual development of the organism and the historical development of living nature.

System openness - a property of all living systems associated with a constant supply of energy from the outside and the removal of waste products. In other words, an organism is alive while it exchanges matter and energy with the environment.

Ability to adapt - in progress historical development and under the influence natural selection organisms acquire adaptations to conditions environment(adaptation). Organisms that do not have the necessary adaptations die out.

commonality chemical composition . The main features of the chemical composition of a cell and a multicellular organism are carbon compounds - proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids. In inanimate nature, these compounds are not formed.

The commonality of the chemical composition of living systems and inanimate nature speaks of the unity and connection of living and inanimate matter. The whole world is a system based on individual atoms. Atoms interact with each other to form molecules. Molecules in inanimate systems form rock crystals, stars, planets, and the universe. From the molecules that make up organisms, living systems are formed - cells, tissues, organisms. The relationship between living and non-living systems is clearly manifested at the level of biogeocenoses and the biosphere.

The main levels of organization of wildlife: cellular, organismal, population-species, biogeocenotic

Basic terms and concepts tested in examination papers: standard of living, biological systems studied at this level, molecular-genetic, cellular, organismal, population-species, biogeocenotic, biospheric.

Organization levels living systems reflect subordination, hierarchy of the structural organization of life. Living standards differ from each other by the complexity of the organization of the system. A cell is simpler than a multicellular organism or population.

The standard of living is the form and way of its existence. For example, a virus exists as a DNA or RNA molecule enclosed in a protein shell. This is the form of existence of the virus. However, the properties of a living system, the virus shows only when it enters the cell of another organism. There he breeds. This is his way of being.

Molecular genetic level represented by individual biopolymers (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and other compounds); at this level of life, phenomena associated with changes (mutations) and the reproduction of genetic material, metabolism are studied.

Cellular - the level at which life exists in the form of a cell - the structural and functional unit of life. At this level, processes such as metabolism and energy, information exchange, reproduction, photosynthesis, transmission of nerve impulses, and many others are studied.

Organismic - this is the independent existence of a separate individual - a unicellular or multicellular organism.

population-species - the level, which is represented by a group of individuals of the same species - a population; It is in the population that elementary evolutionary processes take place - the accumulation, manifestation and selection of mutations.

Biogeocenotic - represented by ecosystems consisting of different populations and their habitats.

biospheric - a level representing the totality of all biogeocenoses. In the biosphere, the circulation of substances and the transformation of energy with the participation of organisms take place. The products of vital activity of organisms participate in the process of evolution of the Earth.

EXAMPLES OF TASKS

Part A

A1. The level at which the processes of biogenic migration of atoms are studied is called:

1) biogeocenotic

2) biosphere

3) population-species

4) molecular genetic

A2. At the population-species level, they study:

1) gene mutations

2) the relationship of organisms of the same species

3) organ systems

4) metabolic processes in the body

A3. Maintaining a relatively constant chemical composition of the body is called

1) metabolism 3) homeostasis

2) assimilation 4) adaptation

A4. The occurrence of mutations is associated with such a property of the organism as

1) heredity 3) irritability

2) variability 4) self-reproduction

A5. Which of the following biological systems forms the most high level life?

1) amoeba cell 3) herd of deer

2) smallpox virus 4) nature reserve

A6. Pulling the hand away from a hot object is an example