test Theory of the structure of organic compounds

1. Are they true the following judgments about the concepts of "chemical structure" and "isomerism"?

A. Chemical structure - a certain sequence of connecting atoms in a molecule according to their valency, order chemical interaction atoms, their influence on each other.

B. Isomerism is one of the causes of diversity organic matter.

Only A is true; 3) both judgments are true;

only B is true; 4) both judgments are wrong.

A. M. Butlerov practically confirmed the phenomenon of isomerism using the example of substances:

1. n-pentane and 2-methylbutane;

   cis-butene-2 ​​and trans-butene-2;

   butadiene-1.2 and butadiene-1.3;

   n-butane and 2-methylpropane.

Substances whose formulas are CH 3 -CH \u003d CH-CH \u003d CH 2 and CH ≡ C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 are:

1. multiple bond position isomers;

   interclass isomers;

   spatial isomers;

   isomers of the carbon skeleton.

Are the following statements about homologues correct?

A. Homologues are similar in chemical structure of molecules, therefore, they are similar in chemical properties.

B. Homologues have the same composition but different chemical structure.

Given homologues are:

Homologues are substances whose formulas are:

1) CH 3 CH 2 COOH and CH 3 CH 2 CHO;

C 2 H 5 COOH and CH 3 COOH;

C 2 H 5 COOH and C 6 H 5 COOH;

C 2 H 5 COOH and C 2 H 5 OH.

Among the substances whose formulas

homologues are:

The homologues are:

propene and propane; 3) cyclopentane and pentane;

propane and n-butane; 4) propyne and propene.

According to the theory chemical structure, the properties of substances depend on:

1. only on their quantitative and qualitative composition;

   only on the order of connection of atoms in a molecule;

   from availability functional groups;

   on the composition and chemical structure of matter.

Substances whose formulas

are:

homologues;

structural isomers;

geometric isomers;

the same substance.

Cis-, trans-isomers has a compound whose formula is:

1. ClHC=CHCl; 3) H 2 C \u003d C (CH 3) 2;

   VgNS=Svg 2 ; 4) Br 2 C \u003d CHCH 3.

Among the substances whose formulas

isomers are:

A B C; 2) AED; 3) IOP; 4) BVG.

Among the substances whose formulas

double bond position isomers are: 1) AG; 2) BV; 3) AD; 4) AE.

Are the following judgments about the significance of the theory of the chemical structure of organic compounds correct?

A. The theory of chemical structure made it possible to explain the diversity of organic compounds.

B. With the help of this theory, it is possible to synthesize new substances with predetermined properties.

Only A is true; 3) both judgments are true;

only B is true; 4) both judgments are wrong.

Are the following judgments about the theory of the chemical structure of organic compounds by A. M. Butlerov correct?

A. The theory of chemical structure is applicable only

for substances of molecular structure.

B. The theory of chemical structure considers the arrangement of atoms in space.

Only A is true; 3) both judgments are true;

only B is true; 4) both judgments are wrong.

Are the following statements about the chemical structure of organic substances correct?

A. Chemical structure shows the spatial arrangement of atoms in the molecules of a compound.

B, The mutual influence of atoms determines Chemical properties connections.

Only A is true; 3) both judgments are true;

only B is true; 4) both judgments are wrong.

Are the following judgments about the structural formulas of organic compounds correct?

A. Structural formulas are used to express the chemical structure of a substance and show the sequence of compounds of atoms in molecules.

B. Dashes between the symbols of chemical elements in structural formulas indicate a chemical bond.

Only A is true; 3) both judgments are true;

only B is true; 4) both judgments are wrong.

Are the following judgments about the chemical bond of organic compounds correct?

A. In the acetylene molecule, a double bond is formed between the carbon atoms.

In organic compounds, there are both single, double and triple bonds.

Only A is true;

only B is true;

both judgments are correct;

both judgments are wrong.

The reason for hybridization is:

1. formation of covalent bonds;

   transition of an atom to an excited state;

   the formation of common electron pairs;

   the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Structural formulas

pictured:

four homologues; 3) four isomers;

two substances; 4) three homologues.

How many substances are represented by the following structural formulas:

four; 2) three; 3) two; 4) one.

The main reason for the formation of geometric isomers is:

1) different arrangement of carbon atoms in space;

the impossibility of rotation of carbon atoms around the double bond;

the presence of carbon atoms in the state of hybridization;

lower strength of the π-bond compared to the σ-bond.

As a result of homolytic rupture covalent bond are formed:

1) cations; 3) atoms;

2) anions; 4) radicals.

Among oxygen-containing organic compounds, the structural formulas of which are:

isomers are:

1) ABV; 2) BVE; 3) VGE; 4) WHERE.

Hybrid sp 3 orbitals are formed:

Hybrid sp 2 orbitals are formed:

1. one 2s and three 2p orbitals;

   one 2s- and two 2rorbitals;

   one 2s and one 2p orbitals;

   two 2s and two 2p orbitals.

Hybrid sp orbitals are formed:

1) one 2s- and three 2p-orbitals;

one 2s and two 2p orbitals;

one 2s and one 2p orbitals;

two 2s and two 2p orbitals.

The ability to connect with each other and form chains of various shapes is characteristic only of atoms:

1) nitrogen; 3) sulfur;

2) carbon; 4) fluorine.

29. For organic substances, the most characteristic is the relationship:

1. covalent non-polar;

   hydrogen;

   covalent polar.

30. When a triple bond is formed in a hydrocarbon molecule, hybridization involves:

1) one s- and one p-electron;

one s- and one p-electron;

one s- and two p-electrons; Tests

Related quiz:

"Theory of the chemical structure of organic substances"

1. Complete the phrase: “A molecule is a grouping of atoms of elements arranged in a strictly defined order, according to the rules of valency” - reflects the essence of……………………………………….(select answer):

A) the periodic law;

B) the first position of the atomic-molecular theory;

C) the second position of the theory of A.M. Butlerov;

D) the first position of the theory of A.M. Butlerov on the structure of organic compounds

(1 point)

2. Complete the phrase: “Substances that have the same empirical formula (having the same quantitative and qualitative composition), but a different order of atoms in the molecule, i.e. different structure, and therefore, different properties, are called .................... ”(choose an answer):

A) homologues;

B) isomers;

B) radicals;

D) molecules

D) functional groups.

(1 point)

3. Complete the phrase: "The properties of a substance depend not only on its quantitative and qualitative composition, but also on the order of the connection of atoms in a molecule" - reflects the essence of ... ... .... (select an answer):

A) the third position of the theory of chemical structure developed by A.M. Butlerov;

B) the second position of the theory of A.M. Butlerov on the structure of organic compounds;

C) the first position of the theory of A.M. Butlerov on the structure of organic compounds;

D) the essence of the theory of the structure of organic and inorganic substances.

(1 point)

4) Complete the phrase: “Radical / -CH 3 / is called………..” (choose an answer) :

A) ethyl

B) methyl;

B) propyl;

D) butyl.

(2 points)

5) Complete the phrase: “Propane has the formula…………………..” (choose an answer):

A) C 3 H 8;

B) CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 3;

B) C 2 H 5 -CH 3;

D) CH 3 -CH 3;

D) C 2 H 6;

E) CH 4 .

(3 points)

6) Complete the phrase: “CH formulas 3 -(CH 2 ) 2 -CH 3 ; C 4 H 10 and CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 reflect the structure…………………………………” (choose an answer):

A) three different substances;

B) one substance;

B) two different substances

D) one substance called butane.

(3 points)

7) Complete the phrase: “It is realized in hydrocarbons……………………………………………. connection (select answer):

A) non-polar covalent;

B) polar covalent;

C) non-polar covalent and polar covalent;

D) ionic;

D) polar, non-polar covalent and ionic.

(1 point)

8) Complete the phrase: “In limiting organic compounds,……………………………..bond is realized” (select an answer):

A) sigma;

B) pi;

C) sigma and pi;

D) other types of chemical bond, except for covalent.

9) Complete the phrase: “CH formulas 3 -(CH 2) 2 -CH 3 (A) and CH 3 -CH (CH 3) -CH 3 (B) reflect structure” (select answer):

A) one substance - butane;

B) two substances - n-butane (A) and isobutane (B), which are isomers;

C) two isomers of butane: n-butane (A) and 2-methyl-propane (B);

D) hydrocarbons of the methane series (one substance).

4 points

10) Complete the phrase: “The sigma bond is characterized by………………………….” (select answer):

A) one area of ​​overlapping electron clouds and relatively low energy;

B) two areas of electron cloud overlap and relatively low energy;

C) one area of ​​overlapping electron clouds and a sufficiently large energy;

D) two areas of overlapping electron clouds and low energy.

Option 1
1 (3 points). An element that is necessarily a part of organic compounds:
A. Oxygen. B. Carbon.
B. Nitrogen. G. Phosphorus.
2 (3 points). Among the substances that make up a living cell, organic substances do not include:
A. Glucose. V. Fat.
B. Water. G. Protein.
3 (3 points). The scientist who introduced the concept of "organic chemistry":
A. Butlerov A. V. Veler F.
B. Berthelot M. G. Berzelius J.
4 (3 points). The valency of carbon in organic compounds is:
A. I B. II C. III D. IV
5 (3 points). The reason for the diversity of organic compounds is not:
A. The phenomenon of isomerism.
B. The ability of carbon atoms to combine with each other.
B. The ability of carbon atoms to form single, double and triple bonds.
D. The ability of carbon atoms to form allotropic modifications.

The nature of the substance:
artificial organic compound.
Synthetic organic compound.
Substance:
A. Acetate fiber. V. Lavsan
B. Kapron. G. Viscose. D. Polyethylene.


A. 2,2,3 - trimethylbutane.
B. 2,3 - dimethyl - 5-ethylhexane.
B. 2 - ethyl - 3 - methylpentane.

Theme "Subject organic chemistry. Theory of the structure of organic compounds.
Option 2
Part A. Test tasks with answer choice and matching
1 (3 points). Belonging to organic substances can be established:
A. By the color of the substance. B. By the solubility of a substance in water.
B. According to the combustion products of the substance. G. According to the state of aggregation in the Islands.
2 (3 points). The type of chemical bond most characteristic of organic compounds:
A. Covalent non-polar. B. Ionic.
B. Covalent polar. G. Metal.
3 (3 points). An organic compound of natural origin is not:
A. Hemoglobin. V. Urea.
B. Polyethylene D. Insulin.
4 (3 points). The formula CH - CH is called:
A. Molecular. B. Complete structural.
B. Abbreviated structural. D. All answers are correct.
5 (3 points). The scientist who was the first to synthesize oxalic acid from inorganic substances:
A. Wehler F. W. Kolbe A.
B. Berthelot M. G. Butlerov A.
6 (5 points). Set a match.
Chemistry section:
I. Inorganic chemistry. II. Organic chemistry.
Scientist:
A. Butlerov A. V. Veler F.
B. Mendeleev D. G. Lomonosov M.
Opening:
Periodic law. 2. Structural theory of structure.
Atomic-molecular doctrine. 4. Synthesis of urea.
Part B. Free Answer Tasks
7 (8 points). Write the structural formulas of the compounds whose names are:
A. 2,4,6 - trimethylheptane.
B. 2 - ethyl propane.
B. 2,2 - dimethyl - 3 - propylpentane.
8 (8 points). Name the compounds whose formulas are given below according to the systematic nomenclature:
Theme “Subject of organic chemistry. Theory of the structure of organic compounds.
Option 3
Part A. Multiple Choice and Matching Test Items
1 (3 points). Author of the theory of the structure of organic substances:
A. Mendeleev D. V. Butlerov A.
B. Kekule F. G. Berzelius J.
2 (3 points). The formula C - C - C is called:
A. Abbreviated structural. B. Molecular.
B. Complete structural. D. All answers are correct.
3 (3 points). An element whose atoms are able to combine with each other to form chains:
A. Hydrogen. B. Oxygen.
B. Nitrogen. G. Carbon.
4 (3 points). The number of all chemical bonds in a propane molecule:
A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10
5 (3 points). The isomer of butane is:
A. Pentan. B. Isobutane.
B. Propane. G. Isopentane.
6 (5 points). Set a match.
Scientist's last name:
M. Berthelot.
F. Wehler.
A. Butlerov.
G. Kolbe.
Synthesized substance:
A. Sugar substance. V. Urea.
B. Fat. D. Acetic acid.
Part B. Free Answer Tasks
7 (8 points). Write the structural formulas of the compounds whose names are:
A. 2,5,5 - trimethyloctane.
B. 2 - methyl - 3 - ethylbutane.
B. 3,3 - dimethylpentane.
8 (8 points). Name the compounds whose formulas are given below according to the systematic nomenclature:

Attached files

Lesson type: lecture using audiovisual teaching aids.

1. To acquaint students with the prerequisites for the emergence of the theory of the structure of organic substances, the main provisions of the theory of A.M. Butlerov. Be able to prove these statements.
2. Form the concept of isomerism, isomers, structural formulas of the simplest organic substances (full and abbreviated), determine isomers, homologues.
3. Know the significance of the theory of the structure of organic substances and the main directions of its further development, the reasons for the diversity of organic substances.
4. To continue the formation of worldview concepts: about the material unity of inorganic and organic substances, the cognizability of nature, the causal relationship between the structure and properties of organic substances.

Equipment: CD-Rom “Organic Chemistry. Grades 10-11” (1C, Laboratory of Multimedia Systems, MarGTU, 2002), computer, projector, screen, tables “Isomerism”, “Homology”, a set of ball-rod models, a stand with illumination and test tubes, solutions of NaOH, HCl, H 2 O, phenolphthalein, methyl orange.

Preliminary preparation of students: 1 week before the start of the lesson, students received the following tasks:

• prepare a bibliographic reference about A.M. Butlerov.
• make models of molecules of organic substances from a ball-and-stick set.
• creative task "Contradictions of organic chemistry of the 19th century".

During the classes

Updating of basic knowledge.

1 student at the blackboard: Electronic structure carbon atom, possible valencies and oxidation states.

2 student: discussion of doing homework (Art. 149, task 5).

3, 4 students: on the sheets they perform task No. 5 p. 149.

5, 6 students: work on cards.

Card 1. Make the structural formulas of the following substances: hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide (IV), phosphoric acid.

Card 2. Make the structural formulas of the following substances: hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide (II), sulfuric acid.

Frontal conversation.

1. What is organic chemistry?
2. How many organic substances are there today?
3. What elements are most commonly found in organic matter?
4. The main differences between organic and inorganic substances.
5. The main idea of ​​the theory of Vitalism.
6. Is it possible to draw a sharp line between organic and inorganic substances? Why?

Work on the contents of the CD-ROM

I. Basic provisions of the theory of chemical structure.

1. The subject of organic chemistry.

1) Organic chemistry as a science.

2) History of organic chemistry.

Scientist I.Ya. Berzelius.

3) Synthesis of organic substances.

Scientist Scheele

4) Progress in organic synthesis

Scientists Zinin, Berthelot

5) Features of organic substances.

6) Homology.

7) Isomerism.

8) Physical properties organic substances.

The teacher sums up: So, the number of organic substances is huge! Their value is difficult to overestimate. Organic substances have many features and differences from inorganic substances. And we will begin our acquaintance with them from the theory of the structure of A.M. Butlerov.

Write down the topic of the lecture (See Appendix 1. Presentation for the lesson).

Slide 1. The theory of the structure of organic substances by Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov.

Facts without theory are not science! (A.M. Butlerov)

Teacher: What facts did science have in the 19th century? Features of the development of organic chemistry in the XIX century.

The student presents the results of the creative work “The main contradictions of chemistry of the 19th century” (See Appendix 2. Student Presentation).

Slide 2. Prerequisites for the emergence of the theory of structure (See Appendix 1. Presentation for the lesson).

Teacher. There were several theories that tried to explain individual facts, but there was no holistic theory at that time.

Slide 3. A.M. Butlerov (1828 - 1886)

Report “On the chemical structure of matter” Yu.

Theory of the structure of organic substances.

1. A.M. Butlerov (at the same time, students make presentations about his life and work)
2. 1st position
3. 2nd position
4. 3rd position (showing a demonstration experience: the effect of various atoms on the properties of substances containing hydrogen: NaOH, HCl, H 2 O, with indicators)
5. The structure of organic substances (in parallel - a demonstration of ball-and-stick models)
6. Isomerism (here we show only the isomerism of the carbon skeleton, the position of functional groups, interclass, geometric)

The work with the CD-ROM is finished.

Teacher: So what is the reason for the diversity of organic substances?

Students make guesses.

Slide 4. Reasons for the diversity of organic substances:

• the ability of carbon atoms to form chains (straight and branched) and cycles;
• isomerism of organic substances;
• homology of organic substances

Slide 5. The value of theory for science:

• confirmed the materialistic understanding of nature;
• deepened the understanding of the substance;
• explained and systematized the accumulated facts;
• gave a scientific basis for the classification of substances

At the end of the lesson - test work (the test is distributed to each student in printed form).

Test. Introduction to organic chemistry.

1. What is the composition of all organic substances?

a) oxygen;
b) hydrogen;
c) carbon;
d) all of the above.

2. A scientist who formulated the main provisions of the theory of the structure of substances:

a) Semenov;
b) Butlerov;
c) Frederick;
d) Kekule.

3. The simplest representative of hydrocarbons:

a) methanal;
b) methane;
c) methanol;
d) methane acid.

4. Carbon in organic substances has a valence:

a) 1;
b) 2;
at 3;
d) 4.

5. Organic substances do not include:

a) carbon disulfide;
b) hydrocarbon;
c) alcohol;
d) ether.

6. The main type of chemical bond in organic substances:

a) covalent non-polar;
b) covalent polar;
c) hydrogen;
d) donor-acceptor.

7. Homological difference:

a) CH 3;
b) CH 4 ;
c) CH 2 ;
d) C 2 H 6.

8. The term “organic chemistry” was introduced by:

a) M. Berthelot;
b) G. Kolbe;
c) A. Butlerov;
d) I. Berzelius.

9. Structural formulas show:

a) the total number of atoms in the molecule;
b) the number of carbon atoms in the molecule;
c) the sequence of connection of atoms in a molecule;
d) arrangement of atoms in space.

10. Belonging to organic substances can often be established:

a) on the release of CO 2 during their combustion;
b) by precipitation when interacting with water;
c) by color;
d) according to the state of aggregation.

Slide 6. Answers:

1 - in

6 - b

Slide 7. Grading criteria:

• “5” - 10 answers
• “4” - 8-9 answers
• “3” - 6-7 answers
• “2” - up to 5 answers

slide 8. Homework: learn the synopsis, § 20.1 - 20.3, draw up formulas for possible isomers of the substance C 5 H 12, creative tasks.

Slide 9. Summing up the lesson, grading.

1. Defined organic chemistry as the chemistry of hydrocarbons and their derivatives

2. First received urea by heating ammonium cyanate solution

3.Organic matter known

4. The valency and oxidation state of oxygen in H 2 O 2 are equal, respectively

1) 2 and -1 2) 2 and -2 3) 2 and 0 4) 1 and -1

5. Synthetic substances-catalysts correspond to the following natural substances:

6. He proposed the theory of types

7. The theory indicating that organic substances are formed under the action of "life force" is

1. 
   have valency four
2. 
   
3. 
   
4. 
   all of the above factors

9. Determine the valency and oxidation state in propane

1) 3 and +4 2) 4 and -4 3) 4 and -8/3 4) 4 and +8/3

10. Acetylene C 2 H 2 and benzene C 6 H 6 are different

1. 
   qualitative composition
2. 
   percentage of elements in a molecule
3. 
   molecular weight
4. 
   all of the above factors

Current Control Test #1

The subject of organic chemistry. The theory of the chemical structure of A.M. Butlerov.

1. Introduced the concepts of "organic chemistry" and "organic substances"

1) Schorlemmer 2) Wehler 3) Berzelius 4) Butlerov

2. First received oxalic acid by hydrolysis of cyanogen

1) Kolbe 2) Berzelius 3) Butlerov 4) Wehler

3.Inorganic substances known

1) about 100 million 2) about 1 million 3) about 100 thousand 4) about 20 million

4. The valency and oxidation state of oxygen in O 2 are equal, respectively

1) 2 and +2 2) 2 and -2 3) 2 and 0 4) 0 and 0

5. Synthetic substances - food additives and growth stimulants correspond to the following natural substances:

1) hormones 3) vitamins 3) enzymes 4) proteins, fats, carbohydrates

6. The theory of radicals proposed

1) Gerard 2) Berzelius 3) Frankland 4) Kekule

7. The theory that divided organic substances into groups close to water, hydrogen chloride, ammonia or other substances is

1) the theory of radicals 2) the theory of types 3) structural theory 4) vitalism

8. The variety of organic substances is due to the fact that carbon atoms

1. 
   have valency four
2. 
   capable of forming bonds of different multiplicity
3. 
   able to form C-C connections and create chains and cycles
4. 
   all of the above factors

9. Determine the valency and oxidation state of carbon in butane

1) 3 and +4 2) 4 and -4 3) 4 and -5/2 4) 4 and +5/2

10.Normal butane and isobutane are different

1) quantitative composition

2) molecular weight

3) the order of connection of atoms in a molecule

4) all of the above factors