IN examination work elements of two content lines "Society" and "Man" are combined into one block - module. A significant degree of theoretical generalization of the material gives this material a special complexity.

The list of verification elements in this substantive section: natural and social in man; worldview, its types and forms; types of knowledge; the concept of truth, its criteria; thinking and activity; needs and interests; freedom and necessity in human activity; systemic structure of society: elements and subsystems; the main institutions of society; the concept of culture, forms and varieties of culture; the science; main features of scientific thinking, natural and social sciences and humanities; education, its significance for the individual and society; religion; art; morality; concept social progress; multivariance community development(types of companies); threats of the 21st century (global problems).

According to Federal Institute pedagogical measurements, almost a third of graduates, both in 2009 and 2010, could not even basic level demonstrate knowledge of the material on the considered content line. Graduates experienced great difficulties in completing assignments on the topics “The systemic structure of society: elements and subsystems”, “Multivariance of social development (types of societies)”, etc. The data, as noted in the analytical report on USE results 2010 in social science testify to the lack of depth, integrity, and systemic knowledge about society among some of the graduates.

In this article, we will consider some of the most difficult questions for graduates of the content line "Society".

Traditionally, the question of the meaning of the concept of "society" is not an easy one for graduates. The concept of "society" is used in a broad sense as a part of the material (real) world that is isolated from nature, but closely related to it, including all ways of interaction between people and forms of their association. Two positions are key in this definition: society is part of the real world; society is unthinkable without the interaction of people and groups that are in diverse relationships with each other. All ways of interaction and forms of unification of people ultimately form society. You should also keep in mind the meanings of this concept, such as historical stage human development; country, state; association of people for any purpose; a circle of people united by a common position, origin, interests.

Task examples
1. Society is

1) the material world as a whole
2) part of the material world, isolated from nature, but closely related to it
3) part of nature
4) part of the material world, isolated from nature and lost touch with it

Answer: 2

2. All types of ways of people's activities and forms of their joint life are covered by the concept

1) culture
2) society
3) nature
4) civilization

Answer: 2

3. Are the following judgments about society correct?

A. In the broadest sense, society is the material world surrounding a person.

B. The concept of "society" in a broad sense and the concept of "nature" are equivalent.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong

Answer: 4

4. Are the following judgments about society correct?

A. Society is constantly evolving, which allows it to be characterized as a dynamic system.

B. Society in a broad sense is the whole world surrounding a person.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong

Answer: 1

5. The characteristics of society as a system include

1) immutability in time
2) ways of interaction and forms of interaction between people
3) part of nature
4) the material world as a whole

Answers: 2

6. Find in the list below the signs that characterize society as a dynamic system, and circle the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) the relationship of elements
2) immutability of elements
3) interaction of elements
4) development
5) isolation of elements and spheres

Answer: 134

7. Establish a correspondence between the meanings of the concept of "society" and examples of their use: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

B) in a narrow sense

The next “problematic” element of the content is “Spheres of Society Life”. It is necessary to know the areas and clearly distinguish between them - the success of completing tasks largely depends on the ability to identify the area public life by manifestations. It is economic, political, social and spiritual. In turn, in each of the spheres, certain types of activities, relations and institutions corresponding to them are formed. The spheres of public life are inextricably and mutually connected with each other. It is the interaction of spheres, institutions of public life in the process of activities of individuals and social groups that is the source of the development of society, gives it the qualities of a dynamic (developing) system.

Task examples

1. The concepts of "production growth", "inflation", "supply and demand ratio" characterize the sphere of society

1) economic
2) social
3) political
4) spiritual

Answer: 1

2. The concepts of "classes", "strata", "ethnic communities" characterize the sphere of society:

1) economic
2) social
3) political
4) spiritual

Answer: 2

To perform these simple tasks, it is enough to know what types of activities, relationships and institutions form this or that sphere of social life. The tasks related to the characteristics of the interaction of spheres are more difficult.

3. Are the following judgments about the interaction of spheres of public life correct?

A. In the context of the economic crisis, the president of the countries called early parliamentary elections. This is an example of the relationship between the economic and political spheres of public life.

B. Political Party developed and scientifically substantiated a program to overcome the decline in production. This is an example of the relationship between the economic, political and spiritual spheres of public life. This is an example of the relationship between the economic, political and spiritual spheres of public life.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both A and B are true
4) both judgments are wrong.

Answer: 3

4. Are the following judgments about the interaction of spheres of public life correct?

A. The parliamentary elections were won by the party that advocated the reduction of the tax burden. This is an example of the relationship between the political and economic spheres of society.

B. As a result of tax reforms, the pace increased. industrial development. This is an example of the relationship between economics and morality.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both A and B are true
4) both judgments are wrong.

Answer: 1

The next difficult content element is the topic “Traditional, industrial, post-industrial (information) society”. To successfully complete tasks, it is necessary to clearly understand the characteristics of a traditional, industrial and post-industrial society, learn to identify their manifestations, compare societies different types identifying similarities and differences.

Let's dwell on the most difficult tasks.

Task examples
1. Are the following judgments about the ways and forms of social development correct?

A. In the post-industrial society, the industrial revolution is being completed, mass industrial production is being formed.

B. In a post-industrial society, along with mass production, small-scale production occupies an increasingly strong position.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong

Answer: 2

2. Are the following judgments about the ways and forms of social development correct?

A. The values ​​of personal freedom, individual responsibility, initiative are a characteristic feature of the spiritual life of a traditional society.

B. In a traditional society, there was no social mobility, the transition from one social group to another was impossible.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong

Answer: 2

3. Find in the list below the features inherent in a post-industrial society, and circle the numbers under which they are indicated

1) development of the service sector
2) the growth of the working class
3) lack of social stratification
4) use of information technology
5) globalization of economy and finance
6) a sharp rise in the birth rate

Answer: 145

Certain difficulties for the graduates were represented by the topic "Global problems of our time". When working out this material, it is advisable to clearly define the essence of the concept of "global problems": they are characterized by the fact that they manifest themselves on a global scale; jeopardize the survival of humanity species; can be solved by the efforts of all mankind. Further, it is possible to fix the most important of the global problems (environmental crisis, the problem of preventing a world war, the problem of the "North" and "South", etc.), identify their signs and concretize them using examples of public life. In addition, it is necessary to clearly understand the essence of the process of globalization.

Task examples
1. Are the following judgments about the global problems of our time correct?

A. All global problems are closely interconnected.

B. Economic and political globalization is one of the characteristics of the global world.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both A and B are true
4) both judgments are wrong

Answers: 3

2. Find in the list below the features that distinguish global problems from other problems of mankind:

1) require for their resolution the joint efforts of the states of the world
2) arose in the second half of the last century
3) reflect the contradiction between people's needs and opportunities
4) caused by shortage natural resources
5) are large-scale
6) give rise to social conflicts

Answer: 125

3. Establish a correspondence between examples of manifestation and characteristics of global problems: for each definition given in the first column, select the appropriate concept from the second column.

Answer:

1. Are the following judgments about global problems modernity?

A. All global problems are closely interconnected.

B. Economic and political globalization is one of the characteristics of the global world.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both A and B are true
4) both judgments are wrong

Answers: 3

2. Find in the list below the features that distinguish global problems from other problems of mankind:

1) require for their resolution the joint efforts of the states of the world
2) arose in the second half of the last century
3) reflect the contradiction between people's needs and opportunities
4) caused by lack of natural resources
5) are large-scale
6) give rise to social conflicts

Answer: 125

3. Establish a correspondence between examples of manifestation and characteristics of global problems: for each definition given in the first column, select the appropriate concept from the second column.

Answer:

Q6: Read the text below where a number of words are missing.

"Spiritual __________ (A) stood out at a certain stage of human development in a special field of activity. The products of this activity exist in _____________ (B) individuals. They are expressed in ______________ (IN) form - language, religion, art styles, etc. Some elements of culture acquire the character of "eternal" values, determine ___________ (G) and appointment human life. For spiritual production, a material base is needed - schools, theaters, museums, publishing houses, mass media. In the sphere of spiritual production, there are a number of ________________ (D) such as the church, education, science, art, and individual professionals. Spiritual production products are ____________ (E) cultural experience of contemporaries and all previous generations.

List of terms:

1) social status;
2) synthesis;
3) sign-symbolic;
4) consciousness;
5) social institution;
6) production;
7) society;
8) meaning;
9) oral.

Answer:

B6: Read the text below with a number of words missing.
Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.

Society is dynamic: and individual people, and social groups are constantly changing their ________ (A). This phenomenon is called social _________. (B). Sociologists distinguish several types of it. Movements that do not change the social status of individuals and groups are called ________ (IN) mobility. Examples are the transition from one age group to another, a change in job, and the relocation of people from one locality or country to another, i.e. ________ (G). ________ (D) mobility implies a qualitative change in the social position of a person. Examples include obtaining or losing a title of nobility in a feudal society, a professional career in a modern society, and so on. Mobility channels are social ________ (E): family, school, property, church, army, etc.”

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can only be used once. Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.

List of terms:

1) migration;
2) mobility;
3) horizontal;
4) institute;
5) status;
6) vertical;
7) group;
8) stratification;
9) marginalization.

The table below lists the letters that indicate the omission of a word. Write in the table under each letter the number of the word you have chosen.

Answer:

Q5: Read the text below, each position of which is indicated by a specific letter.

(A) The next International Festival of Design, Decorative and Applied Arts and Folk Art Crafts took place in the capital. (B) This year it has received a topical focus and become more modern. (IN) The level of presented works has increased significantly. (G) The gap that existed before between the "medal" projects and all the rest could not be considered acceptable.

1) actual character;

Answer:

B5: Read the text below, each position of which is indicated by a specific letter.

(A) More and more people in the world use mobile phones: they not only make or answer calls, but also correspond with SMS messages. (B) The habit of communicating using short, simple texts can lead to the fact that a person will forget how to talk heart to heart, delve into the intonations of the interlocutor and sympathize with him. (IN) In a number of European countries, dozens of phone users have been diagnosed with SMS addiction. (G) Department specialists bad habits one of the clinics recorded that people suffering from this disease can write SMS messages for seven or more hours a day.

Determine what provisions of the text are:

1) actual character;
2) the nature of value judgments.

Write in the table under the letter denoting the position, the number expressing its nature.

Answer:

The foundations of the ability to draw up a plan are laid at the early stages of education in the lessons of the Russian language, literature, history. However, many students, as exams show, are weak in this skill. In other words, there is no transfer of skills formed in the study of another subject. This transfer can be helped by updating knowledge about the types of plans. Particular attention should be paid to the features of a complex plan, to the content-logical connections of subordination of its points and sub-points.

The necessary conditions for drawing up a plan on a topic are:

1) the correct designation of its boundaries (involvement in a more general issue and isolation in it),

2) a fairly complete understanding of its various sides and aspects.

Consider these conditions on a specific topic "Labor Relations".

A series of questions will help clarify them, for example:

1) which one more general theme may include this topic (for example: "Legal regulation of labor relations");

2) what place does this topic occupy in a broader issue (what are the features of the legal regulation of labor relations between the employer and the employee);

3) what range of issues the topic covers (the concept of labor relations, the legal status of the employee and the employer, social partnership in the field of work, employment and employment).

The next step is the selection of positions corresponding to a single basis, and the alignment of formulations in their logical subordination. As a result, the complex plan of this topic may take the following form.

A. Personality is formed in interaction with other people.
B. Personality is formed throughout a person's life.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong
A2. Humans are different from animals in that…
1) has natural instincts
2) has the most perfect hearing
3) does not depend on natural conditions
4) has articulate speech
A3. What characterizes a market economy?
1) private ownership of the means of production
2) egalitarian distribution of manufactured products
3) state regulation of pricing
4) centralized production planning
A5. The reproductive function of the family is manifested in ...
1) consumer organizations
2) moral regulation of behavior
3) in raising children in the traditions of the family
4) biological reproduction
A6. A German humanist of the past wrote: "A child learns what he sees in his home: parents are an example to him." What role of the family in the life of a person and society do these poetic lines speak of?
1) organization of joint leisure
2) strengthening family ties
3) joint housekeeping
4) parenting
A7. Unlike animals, humans are capable of
1) react with the senses
2) develop conditioned reflexes
3) satisfy needs
4) anticipate the results of their actions
A8. Are the following statements about social conflict correct?
A. The desire of the parties to defend their views is one of the causes of social conflict.
B. Social conflicts can have both positive and negative effects on society.
1. only A is true
2. only B is correct
3. both judgments are correct
4. both judgments are wrong
A9. The government budget deficit is...
1) decrease in the number of tax revenues
2) excess of government spending over income
3) reduction in the money supply
4) reduction of external debt
A10. What are the areas of production, competition, market?
1) economic
2) social
3) political
4) spiritual
A11. Sasha is a good student at a general education and music school. He helps his mother raise her younger sister and brother. All this characterizes Sasha as
1) citizen
2) individual
3) personality
4) son
A12. Are the following judgments about the economic sphere of society correct?
A. The economic sphere, in addition to the production, exchange, distribution of material goods, also includes their consumption.
B. The economic sphere influences all other spheres of society.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong
A13. hallmark nation as an ethnic community is
1) common language and spiritual culture
2) sovereignty in foreign policy
3) the presence of public authority
4) variety of property relations
A14. Science-intensive industries are actively developing in country V. revolutionary changes in the field of mass communications. Computers and robotics are used in production and in everyday life. The level of education of the population is very high. What type of society does V. belong to?
1) traditional
2) industrial
3) agricultural
4) information
A15. Are the following judgments about global problems correct?A. Global problems are those that affect people all over the world. B. Global problems have created a threat to the further existence of mankind.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong

theoretical substantiation of the laws of development of nature and society

1) A is true 2) B is true 3) both are true 4) neither is true

Which of the following yavl. an example of economics in the sense of "science"

1) buying a car on credit 2) studying the demand for washing machines 3) issuing a loan to buy an apartment 4) producing chocolates

Factors of production include

1) land 2) distribution 3) production 4) consumption

In country Z, the economy is based on a variety of forms of ownership and economic freedom of production. What type of economic system is this characteristic of?

1) market 2) command 3) traditional 4) centralized

Are the following judgments about economic science correct? A) Economic science studies only the modern economic activity of people. B) Economic science studies ways to meet the growing needs of people in conditions of limited resources.

1) only A2 is true only B3) both are true 4) both are false

territories, organize places for trade.

B. The activities of local governments are regulated by the charters of cities (districts, villages)

2. Are the following judgments about social control correct?

A. Social control is carried out both through the application to the individual of certain requirements developed by society, and through the requirements of the individual to himself.

B. The ability of self-control is formed in the individual in the process of interaction with society

B. An example of social relations is a conflict between members of a group.

4. Are the following judgments about social norms correct?
A. Compliance with all social norms is controlled by the state.
B. Only the state can apply sanctions to violators of social norms.
1) only A is true; 2) only B is true;
3) both judgments are true; 4) both judgments are wrong.

5. Are the following statements about revolutions correct?
A. Revolutions in the assessments of historians are always positive.
B. The theory of evolution is incompatible with revolutionary development.
1) only A is true; 2) only B is true;
3) both judgments are true; 4) both judgments are wrong

1. 
   risk of spread nuclear weapons
2. 
   deterioration in people's health
3. 
   overpopulation of a number of regions
4. 
   extinction of many species of animals and plants

A2. Are the following statements correct? about global problems of our time ?

A. Today there is a threat to the survival of humanity as a biological species.

B. In order to survive, humanity must limit the growth of consumption.

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both statements are correct

4) both judgments are wrong
(1) Downplaying the danger of a new world war in modern conditions unjustifiably. (2)According to official information There are about 70,000 nuclear weapons on Earth. (3) Calculations performed show that this arsenal is capable of completely destroying life on the planet. (4) We believe that the appeal to the world community with a call for disarmament necessary.

A) actual character

Option number 2

A1. Currently, there is a systematic increase in the area of ​​​​deserts on Earth, a decrease in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bforests, an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and a decrease in oxygen, climate change caused by global warming. This specific manifestations of global problems

1. 
   raw materials and energy resources
2. 
   demographic
3. 
   establishing a just international economic order
4. 
   environmental

B. Economic and political globalization are one of the characteristics of the modern world.

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both statements are correct

4) both judgments are wrong

IN 1. Read the text below, each position of which is numbered.

(1) It is known that for the period from 4500 B.C. BC, i.e. since the dawn of the ancient civilizations, there were 14,530 wars. (2) If in the nineteenth century. 16 million people died in wars, then in the twentieth century. - more than 70 million. (3) The total explosive power of weapons is now about 18 billion tons per TNT equivalent, i.e. for each inhabitant of the planet there are 3.6 tons, and if at least 1% of the reserves explode, then “ nuclear winter, threatening the destruction of the entire biosphere. (4) Nevertheless, Russia's efforts in terms of disarmament do not find the proper response the politicians of the most developed countries having nuclear weapons.

Determine which provisions of the text are worn

A) actual character

B) the nature of value judgments

« The problem of establishing fair economic order is linked to __________(1) world development. There are groups of countries on the planet that differ sharply in _____________ (2) social economic development and, accordingly, by the level of __________ (3) of the population. On the one hand, this relatively small group ___________ (4), on the other hand, a large number of states, in whose economic development characterized by backwardness, and the quality of life of the population is low. The economy of __________ (5) is based on the extraction and export of raw materials. The backward and moderately developed countries make up the vast majority of the world's population - about five billion out of six. The general trend modern development, unfortunately, is such that __________ (6) between the “golden billion” and the rest of humanity is not decreasing, but increasing.”
words in the list is given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used once. Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that in more word list than you need to fill in the gaps.
A) developed countries

B) society

B) backward countries

D) unevenness

D) decision

E) level

G) welfare

H) gap

I) social institution

AT 2. Read the text below with a number of words missing.
“The concept of “____________” (1) has become widespread since the late 1960s. So it is customary to call problems that are _____________ (2) in nature. They affect the interests of every nation and every person, their solution is possible only through the joint efforts of all people. From that in which direction will their solution depends on __________ (3) humanity as a biological species. These problems also manifest ___________ (4) social and natural foundations of the life of society and the individual.

One group problems associated with the relationship between states. Eliminating __________ (5) economic development, maintaining peace is both a solution to the problem of human health, and problems of quality development of natural resources. Stopping __________ (6) also prevents pollution natural environment on a planetary scale.

B) public

C) global problems

D) an arms race

D) unevenness

E) globalization

G) universal

H) dynamism