Salekhard is the administrative center of the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region. The only city in the world that is located right on the Arctic Circle. Formerly it was the Obdorsky prison, since 1595. Since 1933 - Salekhard. It is located on the banks of the Poluy River, a tributary of the Ob, one of the largest rivers in Russia.

In winter, the polar night comes in Salekhard, with its amazing northern lights, in the summer it is a polar day. Large-scale festivals are held in spring and autumn. In the spring - the day of the reindeer breeder, in the fall - the Obdorskaya fair.

Salekhard is not connected with other cities by road. In winter it is associated with railway station in Labytnangi ice road. And in the summer, a ferry across the Ob River.

Everyone knows that the remains of mammoths, their bones, tusks are found in Yamal. Some of them are ancient, some others are younger, not only their skeletons are found, but, although rarely, scientists are lucky, and in permafrost conditions, they find unique, well-preserved remains, with intact hairline. All this makes a significant contribution to the development of science in our country.

An interesting mammoth monument was erected in Salekhard. It was installed in 2005 and is now the main attraction of the city. The monument is located next to the river crossing, and it can be seen from the opposite bank of the river, from Labytnangi. They started manufacturing in Perm, then sent it to Salekhard, where it was finally installed. Many artists from Moscow, Izhevsk and Salekhard worked on it.

The mammoth's trunk is lowered down, which, according to paleontologists, means calmness, it joyfully meets travelers, wishing them a happy journey. The locals, as well as the artists who made it, called the mammoth Mitya. Acquaintance with Salekhard and its history should begin with an inspection of this original monument.

Location: Salekhard-Labytnangi-Kharp street - 1.

Salekhard is a unique city, the only one that is located on the line of the Arctic Circle, which passes at 66 degrees 33 minutes and 39 seconds of northern latitude, approximately at the place of its passage and the stele "66 parallel" was installed.

Initially, the stele was installed in 1980, the authors are architects Kaygorov V.A. and Muksin V.I., then they determined the exact line of the Arctic Circle, and in 2003 the renovated stele was moved to a new place, architect Ilya Yakushev. You can see the stele, heading along the road from the airport to the city.

The monument is made in the form of two pyramids, between which there is a metal semicircle, symbolizing the Arctic Circle itself and the city, divided by an imaginary line of the Arctic Circle, the second pyramid is a part of the city in the Arctic.

In the evening, a beautiful view opens up thanks to the illumination with smoothly changing colors, and everyone who crosses the 66th parallel is awarded a special certificate confirming that its owner has really been beyond the Arctic Circle.

In 2004, a road bridge of an unusual design was built in Salekhard. The Shaitanka River divides the city into two parts, and a bridge was laid through it, connecting the microdistricts and the center of Salekhard.

Many architects famous people, they were - Petushkov L.G., Petushkova E.N., Polyakov A.A., Bolshakova O.G. They have created a magnificent masterpiece. Looking at the bridge, it seems that it falls into a stormy river. And all because the bridge holds only one pylon, specially inclined towards the airport and the river, and the height of the bridge is impressive, 100 meters. It creates the illusion that the bridge hovered over the river. The slope of the pylon and the structure at the top, a fine restaurant, give the bridge, lit up at night, the resemblance to a torch, hence its name.

For the peoples of the north, the deer is a favorite animal. It nourishes and protects from severe frosts, and is used as a means of transportation.

Since ancient times, deer and man have been walking together, living side by side. The main holiday in the tundra is the day of the deer. Fairy tales, songs and legends are composed about this animal. That is why a monument to a deer, a faithful helper, was erected in the northern city. It is located next to the bridge "Torch". Standing on the bank of the river, the animal proudly looks at the city, from one bank to another. The height of the monument is about 6 meters, on the pedestal there is an inscription about a deer.

Location: Chubynin street - 43.

Laptsui L.V. - a well-known writer, honored cultural worker, creator of a primer for Nenets schools, member of the Writers' Union. In 1994, a museum was opened with an exposition dedicated to this great man. He did a lot to save the language native land.

The creator of the museum is his wife. She was careful to recreate the style and interior of his office. The collection contains photographs, books, documents, household items of the writer. In addition to all this, the museum has a corner of wildlife, as well as a Nenets room with artefacts from the peoples of the north.

Location: Komsomolskaya street - 40, apt - 1.

The founder of the first museum on the Yamal land is Ivan Semenovich Shemanovsky, a church leader, ethnographer and historian. Among the permanent exhibitions of the museum there is an exhibition "Time of the mammoth", "Antiquities of Yamal", "Ethnic paintings". The complex has a huge collection, including ethnographic, archaeological, historical, everyday, numismatic and others.

The exhibition hall of the museum hosts a variety of exhibitions, such as: traveling temporary museum exhibitions, exhibitions of artists, thematic fairs and many others. Also in the complex is science Library. And in April 2016, the fascinating Museum began its work entertaining sciences Einstein. Its visitors can not only view and study the exhibits, but also become the creators of a real miracle of technology. You can see the exhibits in action, as well as touch them with your hands, assemble a bridge without nails or create a cloud with your own hands.

Location: Chubynin street - 38.

Obdorsky town (fort)

In 1595, Obdorsk arose, a city for collecting yasak and controlling the export of furs. Now it is located within the city of Salekhard, and has become an archaeological monument. Excavations, exploration work were carried out at this place, archaeological materials were collected.

The cultural layers of the Eneolithic, the Early Iron Age, the Middle Ages and the New Age have been identified. During major excavations in 2004 and 2005, the house and associated structures and fortifications were discovered. Then, in 2006, the prison was reconstructed and is now open to the public. The prison fortress was built without a single nail, according to ancient technology.

Within the city limits of Salekhard there is an archaeological monument of federal significance, it is world famous. It was found quite by accident. Fulfilling construction works, the workers stumbled upon numerous bones, and shards from clay dishes were also found.

Long years of excavations have shown the world a collection of more than 10,000 items. Among them are fragments of a reindeer team, bows, bone spoons, ceramic dishes, and wood products. Some of the finds are stored in the Shemanovsky I.S. Museum and Exhibition Complex.

Location: Kooperativnaya street - 22a.

Among the main occupations of the peoples of the north was fishing. And the muksun was considered the most delicious fish. This fish gained tremendous fame, it was bought at major trade fairs along with venison and furs. That is why such a monument to the legendary fish was erected in Salekhard. It is a figurine of metal fish located in the fountain.

Location: Peace Street.

The city park of culture and recreation is located in the historical part of Salekhard. In the park long years ago, festivities were held, and even a brass band played, and dances were arranged.

Of course, a lot has changed since that time, but the park attracts both young and adults to walk along it. It remains a favorite vacation spot, and a variety of events are held here. The first tree seedlings appeared in it in 1930. And now these trees are striking in their height.

Near the airport, since 1995, the Polar Star stele has been rising in the polar city. This is a symbol of the life of the northerners living under the polar star.

Her height 12.5 meters, a very beautiful design that has become an adornment of the city. At the very top is a star, below on the front of the stele there are ornaments of animals and birds, just below the inscription - Salekhard. The monument is made of steel, has a matte finish. High reliefs of animals made of copper. Incredibly beautiful stele, you should definitely visit this place.

People of the north are proud of their unusual nature, they admire reindeer, mammoths, and, of course, polar bears. In 2003, a composition dedicated to the polar bear family appeared. Reminiscent of the plot from the cartoon "Umka", the same mother bear and her baby. There is another comparison - as a symbol of the constellation Ursa Major and Ursa Minor.

The sculpture is made of white granite. It was created thanks to craftsmen from different cities of Russia. The stone was mined in Bashkiria, the workpiece was made in Ufa, in Perm the sculptors gave it its final shape, met the finished sculpture in Khanty-Mansiysk, and only then sent it to Salekhard.

Location: Republic Street - 38.

Walking around Salekhard, you can see a lot of steles, they all amaze with their beauty and deep meaning. So, for example, in September 2001, another stele was opened. It is dedicated to the romantics of the 70s. It was a time of discovery of the richest treasures of the country, deposits of oil and natural gas. People from all over the country came to work and still go to work.

For young people, this was a good chance to earn big money, despite the complexity of the work and extreme environmental conditions. This stele is dedicated to the heroes-workers, those who made efforts to develop the north, people of a bygone era. On a granite base, a metal frame and a frame rush upwards. The frame resembles a tower, or a gas torch.

Location: Brodnev street.

Arriving in Salekhard, on weekends, on Saturday and Sunday, you need to visit the local market called "Gifts of Yamal". Buying local products, talking and interacting with them, you can the best way understand the life and culture of the north.

The inhabitants of the tundra bring berries, venison, fish, and all kinds of shoes made of reindeer skin for sale. Sellers are dressed in their traditional clothes of the northern peoples. The market is usually open from 9:00 am to 20:00 pm.

Location: Chubynin street - 41.

Lake Tetu-Mamontotyai. It is located on the Ob-Purovsky watershed, in the south-eastern part of the city, 11 km from the city of Noyabrsk. The flora around the lake is represented mainly by taiga vegetation - coniferous trees and shrubs, sphagnum bogs. Taiga meadows are located in the lowlands near the lake. In some places, edible berries grow - cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries and blueberries. There are many types of fish in the lake, such as pike, burbot, sturgeon, sterlet, crucian carp and whitefish.

Verkhne-Tazovsky Reserve. The reserve was created to protect the unique ecosystems that are endangered in the undisturbed northern taiga in the upper reaches of the Taz, the second largest river in Western Siberia. The territory of the reserve is important for the protection of the population of the taiga reindeer. In the rivers flowing through the territory of the reserve, there are spawning grounds for whitefish and nelma.

Lake Numto- translated from the Khanty language, the name of the lake is translated as “Heavenly” or “Lake of God”. The lake is flowing, the Nadym River flows out of it. In Lake Numto there are fish peled, roach, dace, perch, ruff, pike, whitefish, dace, and nelma.

Natural park "Polyarno-Uralsky". It is located in the northwestern part of the Priuralsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The Polyarno-Uralsky Nature Park consists of four sections: Gornokhadatinsky, Polyarno-Uralsky, Sob-Rayizsky, Khanmey-Paypudynsky. Created to preserve and restore wildlife resources, including fish stocks, flora, as well as the protection of rare and endangered species animals and plants, their gene pool. Preservation of the living conditions of the indigenous peoples of the North. On the territory of the reserve there are rare species of animals listed in the Red Books of Russia, YNAO and the list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The world's largest nursery for musk oxen is located on the territory of the natural park. In Yamal, the restoration of the historical range of the musk ox began in 1997. From 1997 to 2003, 62 individuals were brought from the Taimyr Peninsula to the Polar Urals. For 16 years, about 30 musk oxen were released into the wild and came out independently from corrals.

State natural reserve of regional significance "Verkhnepoluisky". It is located on the territory of the Yamal forestry enterprise in the southern part of the Priuralsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the interfluve of the Bolshoy and Deep Poluy and in the upper reaches of the Poluy River. Created to preserve and restore the resources of the animal world, including fish stocks, flora, as well as the protection of rare and endangered biological species of animals and plants, their gene pool, the preservation of the living conditions of the indigenous peoples of the North. The ichthyofauna of the reservoirs of the reserve is represented by freshwater fish species (chir, perch, peled, pike, crucian carp, ide, dace).

The most important migration routes of waterfowl run through the reserve, including: tundra swan, lesser white-fronted goose, white-billed goose, white-billed loon, which are listed in the Red Books of Russia, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Of the Red Book species nesting in this area: osprey, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, gray crane, gyrfalcon and other species. The main objects of protection on the territory of the reserve are: bean goose, common scoter, osprey, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, gray crane, oystercatcher, eagle owl, gray shrike, arctic fox, brown bear, sable, wolverine, American mink, elk.

State biological (botanical and zoological) reserve of regional significance "Poluisky". It is located in the Priuralsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the middle reaches of the Poluy River, mainly along the left bank, about 60 km from Salekhard. Created to preserve and restore the resources of the animal world, including fish stocks, flora, as well as the protection of rare and endangered biological species of animals and plants, their gene pool. Preservation of the living conditions of the indigenous peoples of the North.

The narrow-gauge railway line Salekhard-Nadym, the so-called "501 Line" or "Road of Death", passes through the territory of the reserve. The construction of this road was carried out from the end of the 40s to 1953. preserved in places concentration camps and the road itself.

State biological (botanical and zoological) reserve of regional significance "Sobty-Yugansky". It is located in the middle reaches of the Poluy River, about 60 km from Salekhard. Created to preserve and restore the resources of the animal world, including fish stocks, flora, as well as the protection of rare and endangered biological species of animals and plants, their gene pool. Preservation of the living conditions of the indigenous peoples of the North.

protected species.

Ichthyofauna: nelma, muksun, broad whitefish, pizhyan, peled.

Avifauna: lesser tundra swan, red-throated goose, bean goose, gray goose, lesser white-fronted goose, capercaillie, hawk, osprey, white-tailed eagle, peregrine falcon, gyrfalcon.

Mammals: brown bear, elk, otter, ermine, fox, wolf, wolverine, arctic fox.

Complex of monuments of Ust-Kalpyas-Yakha represents 29 archaeological sites (fortifications, settlements, fishing complexes) located in the area of ​​the Kharampur and Kalpyas-Yakha rivers in the Purovsky district.

Yamal funnel- a giant funnel of unknown origin, discovered on the Yamal Peninsula near the floodplain of the Mordy-Yakha River in 2014. The size of the failure is large, a wide underground river flows along the bottom. The soil of the funnel is thrown out, and its dark color indicates the effect of high temperature.

Taz funnel is the second largest after the Yamal, discovered in the summer of 2014. It is located 90 kilometers from the village of Antipayuta.

Kunovatsky state reserve. It is located in the floodplain of the Ob and Malaya Ob rivers, as well as in the basin of the right tributary of the Ob - the river. Kunovat, on the territory of the Shuryshkarsky district. Natural habitat of the Siberian Crane. The reserve was organized in order to improve nature conservation and reproduction of game animals, preserve nesting and habitats of the rarest representative of the fauna - the Siberian Crane, included in the Red Book of the IUCN, RF, protection of typical north-taiga complexes of the north of Western Siberia.

The objects of protection include: fox, hare, squirrel, elk, muskrat, otter, ermine, wolverine, sable, brown bear, mink; Siberian Crane, Lesser Swan, Peregrine Falcon, White-tailed Eagle, Red-throated Goose, Golden Eagle, Osprey, Black Grouse, Goose, Gray Crane, Capercaillie, Goldeneye, Crested Duck; sturgeon, sterlet, as well as ecosystems of the north-taiga subzone of the taiga.

Lake Varchato- a unique, picturesque place located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Shuryshkarsky district. The lake has a rather impressive area - 52 sq. km. The depth of Lake Varchato, as a rule, varies from one to two meters, and the length is approximately 12 km. Perches up to 5 kg and pikes over 10 kg are quite common inhabitants of Lake Varchato, reaching their impressive size due to the absence of natural enemies. In addition to pikes and perches, another valuable and noteworthy species of fish lives on Varchato - grayling.

city ​​of Gubkinsky

Monument to the Pioneers- opened on September 3, 2011, for the 25th anniversary of the city. The monument consists of a figure of a man and a tall stele with bas-reliefs depicting the working class and the intelligentsia of the Soviet era (oil and gas workers, builders, teachers, doctors, etc.). The black arc behind the monument symbolizes the flow of oil, and the pedestal below is an oil slick.

city ​​of Labytnangi

Municipal state-financed organization culture "City Museum of Local Lore"- opened in honor of the 20th anniversary of the city in 1995. The first exhibit of the museum was the autograph of the members of the Pechora-Obdorsk expedition of 1913. This was the beginning of the first collection on the history of the city. Today, the museum's fund is more than 7.5 thousand items that make up 22 collections of various subjects.

city ​​of Muravlenko

Municipal budgetary institution "Ecological Museum of Local Lore"- 6,300 storage units are located in the exhibition and exposition halls and depositories of the museum. Of these, 3,413 items of the main fund and 2,887 items of scientific and auxiliary. Most of the funds for 12 years were donated by the residents of the city, many of whom are honorary donors of the museum;

The sculptural composition "Dedicated to the Children of the North ..."- a bronze sculpture - a tribute and gratitude to the mothers of the Far North, who, despite the harsh conditions of nature, give warmth and love to their children, cultivating in them the sprouts of goodness;

Stela "North chooses worthy"- the stele represents two oil pipelines and a large drop of oil in the palms of a person.

city ​​of Novy Urengoy

Monumental and artistic composition "Sail" (fountain)- is a kind of symbol of the city and a favorite vacation spot for citizens. Both adults and small residents of Novy Urengoy come to walk under the park "Sail". The fountain is a small pool in the center of which is a metal structure made like a sailboat. The structure has a stern, a mast and sails that develop in the wind, it was from them that the name of the entire fountain came. In the opinion of the townspeople themselves, the city landmark symbolizes the desire to move forward;

Monument to "Pioneers of Urengoy development" with a capsule-message to the future generation of gas workers- Dedicated to the discoverers of Urengoy - Grand opening monument was held in 2003 and was dedicated to the 25th anniversary of Urengoygazprom LLC, as well as the City Day and the Day of Oil and Gas Industry Workers. The monument embodies the image of the Motherland. A woman is depicted standing in full growth, her left hand, as it were, holds back the great power of the earth, and her right hand holds a torch that invites us to follow the path of the pioneers of Urengoy. The monument is based on a "time capsule" with a message to posterity. It should be opened in 2028 - on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Urengoygazprom LLC. The monument has become one of the main attractions of the city;

Monument "Exploratory well R-2"- this is one of the symbols of Novy Urengoy. It is from the place where the complex was located that the history of the city begins. A memorable date is June 6, 1966. On this day, the first exploratory well R-2, drilled to a depth of 1300 meters, a huge fountain of natural gas came out with great force. This monument is installed near the railway track, which reminds the guests of the city what exactly Novy Urengoy is and thanks to which the history of the city began.

city ​​of Noyabrsk

Monument to the Pioneers- a monumental composition dedicated to the pioneers of the Noyabrsk oil and gas complex;

Mosquito Monument- installed in the vicinity of the city of Noyabrsk in the village of Ladny in 2006. It was installed by the workers of the compressor station No. 1 of the Noyabrsky Directorate of the main pipelines of Surgutgazprom. The height of a mosquito reaches human height. The composition is the largest mosquito monument in Russia;

Monument to polar bears- are the personification of the Arctic region, and also symbolize power, strength, perseverance, friendly coexistence with nature and respect for it.

Krasnoselkupsky district

The excavations of the city of the 17th century - Mangazeya - an object of archaeological heritage of federal significance "The Settlement of Mangazeya" is a unique monument of the archeological city of Mangazeya, which provided especially valuable material on the history and material culture of the first Russian city in the West Siberian Arctic. Mangazeya is the only city that existed only in the 17th century and its archaeological collection is a reference for this period, because after the termination of its existence, a large permanent settlement did not appear on the site of Mangazeya, which contributed to the preservation of the cultural layer. As a result of many years of archaeological excavations (1968-1970, 1973, 2000-2012), the richest archaeological material of the 17th century monument was obtained, the excellent preservation of objects made of wood, birch bark, leather, fabric, bone is especially impressive.

Nadymsky district

MUK "Museum of History and Archeology of Nadym"- "House of Nature" - one of the traditional interactive forms of activity is the celebration of international environmental dates, which appeared due to the decisions of the UN General Assembly. Ecological holidays in the House of Nature have become a traditional form of work in the field of informal environmental education and public education. The form of the holiday is convenient, accessible, understandable to everyone;

Archaeological site Nadym settlement- is an object of archaeological heritage, a valuable source of information on the history and material culture of the population of North-Western Siberia in the late Middle Ages;

Campsite of the 501st construction site No. 76 at the Glukhariny junction- organized in the spring of 1950 at the Glukhariny junction in the direction of "earth quarry work", had a category of enhanced regime for keeping 352 male prisoners for terms of 15 to 25 years. Living space per prisoner was slightly more than 1 sq.m. The cultural and historical value of the ensemble lies in the fact that for all the complexity of transport accessibility to it, it is indicative historical example for the construction of the Transarctic Railway. It is an object of cultural heritage of regional significance.

MO Priuralsky district

Municipal Autonomous Institution of Culture of the Priuralsky District "Natural and Ethnographic Complex in the Village of Gornoknyazevsk" - objects of folk architecture and household items are inscribed in the natural natural environment and almost all exhibits are on display. The complex specializes in the ethnography of the peoples of the Khanty, Nenets, Komi-Zyryans - indigenous peoples inhabiting the Ural region. The complex represents a traditional camp of the peoples of the North.

Border sign "Europe - Asia"- the sign is installed 3 km east of the station. Polar Urals, 97 km from the city of Labytnangi, near the railway line. The obelisk, erected in 1955, was reconstructed in 1981. There is a boundary sign on the watershed of the Polar Urals: the Yelets River begins its journey to the west, the Sob River to the east

Stone with the engraved inscription "Ob North 1919".

MO Purovsky district

The monumental and artistic composition "Coming from the Horizon" (Tarko-Sale) - the composition was installed in 2005 in honor of the 75th anniversary of the formation of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. As the legend on the tablet says: Once, fleeing from an unprecedented high water, a family from an ancient family of shamans seven times seven moons sailed along the river in impenetrable fog until they touched the high bank. When the fog cleared, the eldest of the brothers, looking around the earth, talking with the spirits, said: “We will live here! This land is blessed and rich."

MO Tazovsky district

Memorable place "Zimovye Mameevs" located on Mameev Cape. An Orthodox cross is installed between the regional center Tazovsky and the village of Gaz-Sale. Five centuries ago, a large settlement of nomad warriors was located on this place. Along these steep banks, caravans of ships sailed along the river, hurrying to the golden-boiling Mangazeya. 100 years ago, the winter hut of the merchant Mameev was here. There are more than 40 names of the descendants of Alexander and Anna Shushakov on the commemorative plaque mounted on the cross. From them began the family history of the families of Shushakovs, Ter, Yamkins, Andreevs, Kharyuchas. All of them adopted Orthodoxy at one time or another. To establish the cross, the descendants asked for blessings from the priest and permission from the shaman.

Monument to the geologists-discoverers (village of Gaz-Sale). The heyday of the village of Gaz-Sale fell on the period of development of geological exploration. The monument to the discoverers of geologists was erected in 1988. The layout of the future stele was designed by local artist Alexander Chernokhvostov, who worked as a graphic designer on the expedition in those years. In 2014, the eleven-meter monument to the geologists-discoverers was restored. During the reconstruction, the covering of the main platform was replaced, the stele itself was completely lined with marble tiles, lighting was installed, and the fence was replaced. The renovated monument is a high stele with an oil rig at the top.

Memory Square (Tazovsky village). On the Square of Memory there is a monument to the Taz soldiers who fell during the Great Patriotic War and the Eternal Flame burns.

Temple in honor of the Intercession Holy Mother of God(p. Tazovsky). On October 4, 2009, the consecration of the first foundation pile for the construction of the Orthodox Church in honor of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos in the village of Tazovsky took place.

MO Shuryshkarsky district

Natural and ethnographic open-air park-museum "ZHIVUN" in the village of Khanty-Muzhi. The natural and ethnographic park-museum "Zhivun" was founded in 1999 as a branch of the Shuryshkarsky district historical and local history complex. This is a very special link in the complex of museums of the Shuryshkarsky district - an open-air museum, the main activity of which is various aspects of the ethnic architectural traditions of the northern Khanty. The park-museum is located on the territory of the village of Khanty-Muzhi, which is part of the rural settlement of Muzhevskoye, is located on the left bank of the Khanty-Muzhevskaya channel of the river. Small Ob. In the immediate vicinity of the village, large river boats can moor. The village is located in rich fishing and hunting grounds. The forest around the village is rich in berries, pine cones, mushrooms. Near the village (in the floodplain of the Malaya Ob River) there is a non-freezing fish lake, which gave the name to the village - "Muzhi" (in Russian translation "Zhivun") - which is an open-air museum.

A complex of log-type buildings (the village of Khanty-Muzhi). The complex includes 7 wooden residential and outbuildings of the log type: the winter residential house of the Togachevs (beginning of the 20th century), a barn with an annex by Orlova T.Ya. (1979), Sacred storehouse of Togachev V.F. (beginning of the 20th century), Sacred storehouse of Longortov G.V. (beginning of the 20th century), economic shed of Kurtyamova Z.N. (middle of the 20th century), the economic storehouse of the Togachevs (beginning of the 20th century) and the Sacred storehouse of Pystyrev V.P. (c. 1923).

Summer residential house Maksarovs. The building, built in the 30s of the twentieth century in the village. Shuryshkar, is a monument of regional significance and belongs to the traditional summer houses of the northern Ob Khanty. The building is a plank building, set up without a foundation, right on the ground. Currently, the building is used as an outbuilding for storing household items.

Household storehouse of the Ozelovs. The building was built in the 50s of the twentieth century in the village. Paravat, later moved to the village. Pitlyar is the economic storehouse of the Ozelov family. The store is located on the outskirts of the village. The constructive solution of the storehouse is traditional for the storerooms and summer houses of the northern Ob Khanty. The building has been moved several times in its history. The building is a monument of regional significance.

MO Yamal district

Construction "Merzlotnik" (village Novy Port).
The world's largest natural refrigerator. This gigantic warehouse for storing fish was created in the 50s. XX century. The caves, cut into the permafrost, stretch for more than a kilometer.

Bovanenkovskoye oil and gas condensate field with a visit to the Yamal funnel. The Bovanenkovskoye oil and gas condensate field is a giant gas field on the Yamal Peninsula in Russia, located 40 kilometers from the coast of the Kara Sea, in the lower reaches of the Syo-Yakha, Mordiyakha and Naduy-Yakha rivers. The village of Bovanenkovo ​​is located near the deposit.

In the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug there is a huge number of the most diverse monuments. The site presents the most significant and interesting monuments of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

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This monument in the form of a double pyramid, which is divided in the center by a semicircle, is actually a monument called "66 parallel", but the name "Arctic Circle" has already taken root among the people. The monument was opened for the first time in 1980 as a sign that the city of Salekhard really crosses the line of the Arctic Circle. This is a unique fact: Salekhard is the only city on our planet that stands on this line. "66th parallel" is a digital designation of the beginning of the Arctic (66 degrees, 33 minutes and 39 seconds of northern latitude). The authors of the first monument to the Arctic Circle were the architects V. G. Kaygorov and V. I. Muksin, as well as the artist of the RSFSR V. I. Otradnov.

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The most striking attraction of the city of Noyabrsk is an unusual monument - a huge sculptural image of a mosquito. This incredible structure is at first frightening, because not everyone has seen an insect magnified hundreds of times. With a closer acquaintance with this strange monument, it becomes clear that it is remarkable not only for the mosquito image, but also for the means of embodying this image. The entire monument is assembled from parts that were once decommissioned at the Surgutgazprom compressor station.

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This monument is located near the administrative building of Gazprom, the choice of location was not accidental, it is here that the 66th parallel is located, so to speak, a conditional line, beyond which the territory of the Arctic Circle begins. Previously, a monument was erected at this place, local residents and guests of Novy Urengoy came here to perform various rituals, or make a wish. Very often, newlyweds came here to tie a ribbon and take memorable photos. And now, a few years later, the old monument was replaced by a new one.

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One of the main sights of the city is the monument to the Pioneers of the development of Urengoy. It was completely designed by the architect Nikolai Raspopov, Honored Artist of Russia. The monument was erected in honor of the anniversary of Urengoygazprom, 25 years have passed since its opening. The opening day of the monument was chosen on the eve of a holiday dedicated to all workers in the oil and gas industry.

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This monument fully embodies the past of the city. It is one of the main symbols of the city. It is here, where the monument is now located, that the history of the whole city began. In addition, in the same place laid the foundation great story modern Gazprom. A significant date is June 6, 1966, on this day, from the first exploration well, which was drilled to a depth of 1300 meters, a fountain of natural gas came out with great force. This brigade was under the leadership of V. Polupanov.

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This monument is one of the interesting sights in the city. It is located on the square in front of the Temple, in the northern part of the city. Many came to its opening. public figures and the entire city administration. The memorial sign was opened on the eve of the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino. Near the monument, the cadets laid a capsule with earth. The ceremony of lighting the monument was held by Oleg Nelin, rector of the Temple of Seraphim of Sarov. After lighting, he handed out pieces of Borodino bread to everyone.

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Another attraction in Novy Urengoy is the monument to the locomotive. Such an unusual monument was erected in connection with the history of the city, because the railway plays an important role in the city. For the construction of the city, a large number of building materials, and various foodstuffs for the inhabitants, the trains brought everything they needed, and nothing prevented the construction of the city. It was decided to install the monument near the central station, on Privokzalnaya Street.

Yamal-Nenets autonomous region(YNAO) - a distant northern region, harsh and beautiful, a land on which the traditions of indigenous peoples and achievements are closely intertwined modern science. unique, it bizarrely combines the severity of the northern climate and the kindness of the locals, the stinginess of the polar sun and the generosity of the northern nature, the endless whiteness winter days and fantastic colors of autumn.

Yamal has always attracted travelers and scientists with its uniqueness, natural and cultural wealth, clean air and primeval nature. But in order to see all the beauties of Yamal, you need to devote a lot of time to the trip, and in our fast-paced age, this is very difficult to do. With the help of this site, everyone will be able to make a virtual, but exciting journey into the world of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

(obsolete - Samoyeds, Yuraks) - the Samoyed people in Russia, inhabiting the Eurasian coast of the Arctic Ocean from the Kola Peninsula to Taimyr. The Nenets are divided into European and Asian (Siberian). European Nenets settled in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Arkhangelsk Region, and Siberian Nenets in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Tyumen Region and in the Dolgan-Nenets Taimyr municipal area Krasnoyarsk region. Small groups of Nenets live in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, in the Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions, the Komi Republic.

Of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North, the Nenets are the most numerous. According to the results of the 2002 census, 41,302 Nenets lived in Russia, of which about 27,000 lived in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
The traditional occupation is large-scale reindeer herding. On the Yamal Peninsula, several thousand Nenets reindeer herders, with about 500,000 reindeer, lead a nomadic lifestyle. The home of the Nenets is a conical tent (mya).

The names of two autonomous regions of Russia (Nenets, Yamalo-Nenets) mention the Nenets as the titular nationality of the region; another such district (the Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenetsky) Autonomous Okrug) was abolished in 2007 and transformed into the Taimyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

The Nenets are divided into two groups: tundra and forest. Tundra Nenets are the majority. They live in two autonomous regions. Forest Nenets - 1500 people. They live in the basin of the Pur and Taz rivers in the southeast of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

carrying a child from the hospital

Due to the presence of tribes on the territory of the Sayan Highlands, whose language even in the recent past belonged to the Samoyeds, Stralenberg suggested that the Samoyeds of the Sayan Highlands are descendants of the Samoyeds of the polar zone, where they were natives, that from the north part of the Samoyeds, under the influence of some reasons, moved to south, populating the Sayan Highlands.

Fischer-Castrén theory
The opposite point of view was expressed by the historian Fisher, who suggested that the Northern Samoyeds (the ancestors of the modern Nenets, Nganasans, Enets, Selkups and Yuraks) are descendants of the Samoyed tribes of the Sayan Highlands, who advanced from Southern Siberia to more northern regions. This is Fisher's suggestion in the 19th century. was supported by a huge linguistic material and substantiated by Castren, who suggested that in the first millennium BC. e., in connection with the so-called great movement of peoples, the Samoyed tribes were driven out by the Turks from the Sayan highlands to the north. In 1919, the explorer of the Arkhangelsk north, A. A. Zhilinsky, spoke out sharply against this theory. The main argument is that such a resettlement would require a sharp change in the type of nature management, which is impossible in a short time. Modern Nenets are reindeer herders, and the peoples living on the Sayan highlands are farmers (about 97.2%)

Khanty
The Khanty are a people who have lived in the north since ancient times. Russian Federation, mainly in the territories of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. Khanty is not the only name of this people, in the west it is known as Ostyaks or Yugras, however, the more accurate self-name "Khanty" (from the Khanty "Kantakh" - a person, people) in Soviet time was made official.

In historical chronicles, the first written references to the Khanty people are found in Russian and Arabic sources of the 10th century AD, but it is known for certain that the ancestors of the Khanty lived in the Urals and Western Siberia as early as 6-5 millennium BC, subsequently they were forced out nomads in the lands of Northern Siberia.
Usually Khanty are people of short stature, about 1.5-1.6 m, with straight black or dark brown hair, swarthy skin, dark eyes. The type of face can be described as Mongolian, but with a regular slit of the eyes - a slightly flat face, the cheekbones protrude noticeably, the lips are thick, but not full.
The culture of the people, language and spiritual world are not homogeneous. This is due to the fact that the Khanty settled quite widely and in different climatic conditions different cultures have developed. The southern Khanty were mainly engaged in fishing, but they were also known for agriculture and cattle breeding. The main occupations of the northern Khanty were reindeer herding and hunting, less often fishing.

The Khanty, who were engaged in hunting and fishing, had 3-4 dwellings in different seasonal settlements, which changed depending on the season. Such dwellings were made of logs and placed directly on the ground, sometimes they dug a hole beforehand (like a dugout). Khanty reindeer herders lived in tents - a portable dwelling consisting of poles placed in a circle, fastened in the center, covered with birch bark (in summer) or skins (in winter).

Since ancient times, the Khanty have revered the elements of nature: the sun, the moon, fire, water, and wind. The Khanty also had totemic patrons, family deities and ancestral patrons. Each clan had its own totem animal, it was revered, considering it one of the distant relatives. This animal could not be killed and eaten.
The bear was revered everywhere, he was considered a protector, he helped hunters, protected from diseases, and resolved disputes. At the same time, the bear, unlike other totem animals, could be hunted. In order to reconcile the spirit of the bear and the hunter who killed him, the Khanty held a bear festival. The frog was revered as the guardian of family happiness and an assistant to women in childbirth. There were also sacred places, the place where the patron lives. Hunting and fishing were forbidden in such places, since the patron himself protects the animals.

To this day, traditional rituals and holidays have come down in a modified form, they have been adapted to modern views and timed to coincide with certain events (for example, a bear festival is held before the issuance of licenses for shooting a bear). Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

KOMI
It is known that the Komi people have been living in the northern lands since the 1st millennium BC. The name Komi comes from the self-name of the people - Komi Voityr, which means Komi people. Komi is often called Zyryans, the word Zyryans translated from the Komi language means living on the border. As a result of gradual settlement, the Komi people were conditionally divided into northern (Komi-Izhemtsy) and southern (Sysoltsy, Priluztsy) ethnic groups.
Komi mostly live in the territory of the Komi Republic, part of the Komi lives in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.
The Komi language (Komi language, Komi-Zyryan language) belongs to the Uralic language family. The Komi script is based on the Cyrillic alphabet. In the northern regions of the Russian Federation, television programs and printed publications are broadcast in the Komi language.

Usually zyryans have an average or slightly above average height (about 165-170 cm), the correct physique. The low, slightly flattened face is framed by dark or black hair, the bridge of the nose is wide, the eyes are gray or brown. Closer to the south, the Komi have blue eyes and blond hair.
The northern Komi were reindeer herders, hunters and fishermen, the southern Komi were engaged in hunting and fishing, they knew cattle breeding and agriculture, but until the 18th century they were more of ancillary industries. In the 18th century, due to the increase in the production of game animals, there was a sharp decrease in their numbers, since that time cattle breeding, reindeer breeding and agriculture have become the main occupations of the Komi.

Komi lived in villages and villages located on the banks of the river. They tried to arrange houses along the river in one row. Northern settlements were located at considerable distances from each other and consisted of several houses. Up to several hundred people could live in the southern settlements, often such settlements were formed due to the merger of neighboring villages.
The dwellings were rectangular log huts with a high basement (the lower floor, most often non-residential), covered with a pitched roof. In the courtyard there were outbuildings and a two-story barn.
The clothes of the southern Komi in style and cut resembled Russian clothes. Women wore shirts, sundresses, fur coats; men's wardrobe consisted of a shirt, canvas pants, a caftan and a fur coat. The difference from Russian costumes was in the colors of fabrics used and the features of the finish. Northern Komi often wore clothes characteristic of the Nenets. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

SELCUPS
The Selkups are the smallest people in the north of Russia. According to the results of the last census, the number of Selkups is only about 1,700 people. The largest number of representatives of the people lives on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the northwestern territories of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and in the Tomsk Region.
The official name of the people - the Selkups - was approved only in the 30s of the 20th century, it comes from the self-name of the northern ethnographic group and is translated as a forest man. However, this is not the only self-name of the people, the southern Selkups called themselves chumylkup (land man), the Ob ones - syusekup (taiga man).

The Selkups belong to the Ural minor race, which means that their appearance contains Mongoloid and Caucasoid features. The Selkups have dark straight hair, brown eyes, slightly darkish skin, a small nose, strongly concave at the bridge of the nose, and the face is most often flat.
The Selkup language belongs to the Uralic language family. The Selkups did not have a written language for a long time, the first attempt to create a written language based on the Cyrillic alphabet dates back to the 19th century, but this attempt was not very successful, since the Russian alphabet did not allow to correctly convey the sound of the language.

The second attempt took place in the 30s of the 20th century, the Latin alphabet was taken as the basis, a large number of educational literature in the Selkup language. But just 7 years later, in 1930, the Selkup writing was again transferred to the Cyrillic alphabet, which caused a lot of confusion. At present, the Selkup language is practically not used in printed sources; the main areas of application of the language are crafts, family communication, and folklore.
The traditional occupations of the Selkups are fishing and hunting. Northern Selkups were engaged in reindeer herding mainly as an auxiliary industry (transport, skins, etc.).
The southern Selkups knew how to make pottery, process metals, weave canvases, achieved great success in blacksmithing, grew grain and tobacco. These industries actively developed until the 17th century, when they were supplanted by better quality imported goods.

SIGHTS OF YANAO
The sights of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug are peculiar and can make a person unfamiliar with the life of the region smile. For example, here you can see a monument to ... a mosquito. A veteran in the Far North is considered a person who not only survived the polar night, but also endured a terrible test in the form of mosquitoes, which are especially evil here. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
The list of sights of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug includes another sculpture dedicated to the animal: a 10-meter monument to the mammoth is installed at the entrance to Salekhard. The remains of these extinct animals are often found in the region. 9-ton tusks were found here, and a century later, scientists unearthed a perfectly preserved mammoth, whose age is approaching 46 thousand years.

The most beautiful river Yuribey flows through Yamal, which ends its journey, flowing into the Kara Sea, namely, into its Baidaratskaya Bay.

An intricate four-kilometer bridge on stilts was built across Yuribey - a local architectural landmark.

In the village of Novy Port, you can visit Russia's largest "natural refrigerator" - a complex of ice underground caves. The length of the tunnels exceeds a kilometer, the caves are constantly looked after, which allows them not to lose their cold ice shine even in summer.

The Yamalo-Nenets Okrug is famous for its natural areas, in the region there are 13 reserves and two reserves - Verkhne-Tazovsky and Gydansky. The former is dominated by taiga areas, while the latter is famous for its tundra "lunar" landscapes. The Verkhne-Tazovsky Nature Reserve is one of the largest natural parks in Russia; reindeer and the unique Kondo-Sosva beaver are found here.
On the territory of the Gydansky Reserve there are the most beautiful peninsulas Yavai, Oleniy, Rovny, as well as the islands of the Kara Sea. There are many "Red Book" fish, animals and birds here: sturgeon, polar bear, white-tailed eagle, walrus, narwhal, seal and many others.

Of all the reserves of the region, the Kunovatsky Park, located in the Shuryshkarsky district of the region in the floodplain of the Ob and Malaya Ob, is of the greatest interest. An incredibly rare white Siberian Crane is found here - a special type of crane, which is listed in all the Red Books of the world. Many other species of migratory birds can be observed in the reserve.

One of the main archaeological monuments of the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug is the Nadym settlement - the remains of a settlement of the late 16th-early 17th centuries, discovered on the territory of the city of Nadym. Children's toys made of wood, tin and copper jewelry, hunting skis and much more were found here.

The oldest surviving buildings of the district center were erected in late XIX century. These include, for example, small one-story buildings on Republic Street and the Music and Drama Theatre. In the city center in the early 1990s, the Nikolskaya tower of the Obdorsky prison, a monument of wooden architecture of the late 16th-early 17th centuries, was restored. It is decorated with a double-headed eagle, from the tower there is a descent to the Poluy River. It is believed that Salekhard was founded at this place.

For more than twenty years, the Ecological and Methodological Center "House of Nature" has been operating in Nadym, where you can get acquainted with the nature and ecology of the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug, as well as with the ethnographic heritage of the indigenous inhabitants of the region - the Nenets.
In Noyabrsk, you can visit the first Children's Museum in Russia, most of whose exhibits you can play with, and some even make yourself. The museum has a winter garden and a children's workshop, from where, among other things, you can go on a virtual journey through world exhibitions.

In Labytnangi, you can visit the Znamensky cruciform chapel - one of the most interesting in the area. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

SACRED PLACES YANAO
1 Settlement (sacrificial place) Ust-Poluy. Salekhard. Located on a high cape of the root terrace of the river. Poluy, about 2 km upstream from its confluence with the river. Ob. 0.2 km to the southwest from the building of the Aviator sports complex. 5th century BC. according to the III century. AD B.C. Adrianov 1932

2 Settlement Mangazeya Krasnoselkupsky district.
The right bank of the Taz river, at the mouth of the river. Mangazeika. 8.5 km north of the village of Sidorovsk. 17th century AD V.N. Chernetsov

3. A complex of objects of ethnic culture on the northeastern shore of the lake. Maloe Muzykantovo Purovsky district, northeastern shore of Lake Maloe Muzykantovo.

4. Cult place "Tarenzzyakha-hehe" Yamal region, left bank of the river. Yuribey, 3.9 km west of the projected railway route.

3. Cult place "Lamzento-sho" Yamal region, on the watershed of the rivers Lamzento-sho (3.5 km to the west) and Ya-yakha (11.5 km to the east) between lakes Lamzento (14 km to the south) and Syavta- then (12.5 km to the north).

4. Holy place on the left bank of the river Seyakha Yamal region, left root bank of the river. Seyakha, coordinates n.l. 70°23"02.7", E 068°35"06.7"

5. Sanctuary of Nyakharyakh Priuralsky district, r. Nyakharyakha, coordinates N69°25"34.3", E68°23"07.9"

6. Sanctuary of Sidyapelyato Priuralsky district, northern shore of Lake Sidyapelyato, n.l. 69°19"34.5", E68°15"04.0"

7. A complex of log-type buildings in the village. Khanty-Muzhi Shuryshkarsky district, village. Khanty-Muzhi, natural park-museum "Zhivun" Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

VERKHNE-TAZOVSKY RESERVE
The reserve is located on the West Siberian Plain, in the Krasnoselkupsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Russia. Its length is 150 km from north to south and 70 km from west to east. The territory is divided into two forest areas - Pokolsky and Tazovsky, bordering each other along a water protection clearing along the left bank of the Ratta River.
The reserve was established in 1986 to preserve and study the natural complexes of the region, which is unique for the West Siberian Plain and characteristic of its upland - the Siberian Ridges. The territory of the reserve is important for the protection of the declining population of the taiga reindeer, and is promising for the reacclimatization of the Sosva beaver.

The fauna of the Verkhne-Tazovsky Reserve is typical for the northern taiga, however, it has not been studied enough. Of the large animals, the bear, elk, and wolverine are characteristic. The latter is rare, but constant. Wolves rarely come here from the tundra. The Arctic fox enters the Upper Taz during migrations. There are foxes in the river valleys.

There are 310 species of vascular plants, 111 bryophytes, 91 species of lichens in the Verkhnee-Tazovsky Reserve. Pine-dominated forests in the reserve make up 59.4% of the forested area. Found in riverine terraces. Dark coniferous forests occupy not such large areas, but they are more diverse in their composition. They are dominated by cedar and spruce with an admixture of fir. The shrub layer is represented by wild rose, juniper, mountain ash. The moss cover is continuous or almost continuous, in some places foliose lichens are found, which gives the cover a northern appearance.

149 species of birds have been registered on the territory of the reserve. About 310 species of vascular plants are found on its territory. There are about 35 species of mammals in the fauna of the reserve. There are 20 species of fish. The animal world is represented by such species of animals and birds as brown bear, weasel, sable, capercaillie, black grouse.

The main attraction of the Verkhne-Tazovsky Reserve is relatively rare park-type pine forests with the richest reindeer moss. The reserve is the largest reserve of valuable fur-bearing animals - sable and ermine. Consists of one plot with an area of ​​631.3 thousand hectares; extends from north to south for 150 km, from east to west - for 70 km.

The climate is continental, with long cold winters and rather warm summers. The amplitude of the minimum winter and maximum summer temperatures reaches 100 degrees. The average frost-free period is 83 days. The reserve is located in a zone of discontinuous permafrost.

The rivers of the Verkhne-Tazovsky Reserve are characterized by a moderate course, a large sinuosity, the presence of numerous sandbars and relatively high banks. There are blockages in some sections of the rivers. In the river valleys there are processes of shedding and sliding of high banks. The main river of the reserve - the river Taz - is one of the most important spawning rivers of Western Siberia for such valuable species of salmon and whitefish as nelma, muksun, whitefish, broad whitefish, peled, tugun. It begins on the Upper Taz Upland. Other rivers flowing through the territory of the reserve, such as Pokolka, Ratta, Kellogg, also originate here.

On the territory of the Verkhne-Tazovsky Reserve, there are two types of lakes that differ in genesis - lakes of glacial origin and floodplain origin. The formation of the former is associated with the formation of moraine deposits by erosion of land areas by glacial waters; they are located on the interfluves and usually have a rounded shape. Floodplain lakes are oxbow lakes, as a rule, of an elongated shape, small width, with marshy shores and a muddy bottom.

Raised bogs are widespread on the "ancient" floodplain terraces, which are found in places in the middle and lower reaches of the Ratta and Pokolka. The forest stand in the swamps is rare, represented by pine and birch. The shrub layer is sparse, consisting of dwarf birch and stunted willows. Against the background of a continuous moss cover, cassandra, podbel, cranberries, blueberries, cloudberries, cinquefoils, swamp sedge, and cannons dominate.

Ecological tourism:
An interesting ecological trail has been developed in the reserve, there is a small museum of nature and a visitor center.

Reindeer herders of the Tazovsky district of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug discovered a second funnel, outwardly similar to the "bottomless pit" that became known the other day, 30 kilometers from the Bovanenkovskoye deposit.
The new funnel is located on another peninsula - Gydan, not far from the coast of the Taz Bay. The diameter of the crater is much smaller than that of the first one - about 15 meters. The other day, the deputy director of the state farm, Mikhail Lapsuy, was convinced of its existence.
However, there is no need to talk about the discovery as such. According to the nomads, the funnel appeared at the end of September last year. They just didn't make it public. And when they heard about a similar phenomenon on the neighboring peninsula, they told the local authorities about it.

"Hole" in Yamal could appear due to swamp gas
Mikhail Lapsui confirms the identity of the Gydan and Yamal natural formations. By the way, they differ little in terms of distance from the Arctic Circle. Outwardly, except for the size, everything is very similar.
Judging by the soil bordering the upper boundaries, it was ejected to the surface from the depth of permafrost. True, those reindeer herders who call themselves witnesses of the phenomenon claim that at first there was a haze over the area where the ejection occurred, then a fiery flash followed and the earth trembled.
At first glance, it's speculation. However, this version of the release should not be dismissed immediately, says Anna Kurchatova, Executive Director of the Subarctic Scientific and Educational Test Site, Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, since when methane is mixed with air in certain proportions, an explosive mixture is formed.

SACRED PLACES IN YAMAL

SACRED PLACES IN YAMAL
Despite the many ancestral sacred places in Yamal, Taimyr and in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, there have long been central places of worship common to the entire Nenets ethnic group, such as Bolvansky Nose on Vaigach, Kozmin pereselek in the area of ​​the river. Nes (Nenets Autonomous Okrug), Yav'mal hehe (Yamal), Sir Iri (Bely Island), Minisey in the Polar Urals.
The most revered among the Nenets were two idol stones on Vaigach - Vesoko and Khadako (Old Man and Old Woman). The island itself was called by the Nenets "Khebidya Ngo" - sacred land. The Vasoko sanctuary is located on Cape Dyakonova. One of the first descriptions of this sacred place was left by the skipper Stephen Borrow in 1556. He noted that there was a sanctuary on the cape of about 300 idols made in a crude and primitive way, sometimes they were just sticks with cuts indicating eyes and mouths. The mouths and eyes of the idols and some other parts were smeared with blood. In Jan Huygens van Linschotten's "Notes" we find a description of a cape on the southern bank of the Vaigach, where about 300 idols stood (Lienschotten, 1915).
In 1826, Archimandrite Veniamin visited the Vesoko sanctuary, who led the activities of the mission for the conversion of the Nenets (Samoyeds) Arkhangelsk province into Christianity. By order of Benjamin, the sanctuary of Vasoko was completely destroyed, and the idols were burned to the ground. Despite the complete destruction of the most revered sacred place, the Nenets have repeatedly made attempts to restore it. In 1837, biologist A. Schrenk, who visited about. Vaigach, reported that the Samoyeds who returned to their places chose a place for sacrifices not far from the cross erected by the mission of Archimandrite Benjamin, and again placed their wooden idols here [Shrenk, 1855]. A. E. Nordenskiöld, who visited Vaigach in 1887, also wrote about Nenets idols with a bunch of deer horns and skulls, standing on the top of a cape six hundred meters from the cross [Nordenskiöld, 1936].
In 1984-1987 under the leadership of L.P. Khlobystin, a thorough archaeological study of this cultural object was carried out. In 1986, the Arkhangelsk Arctic Expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, led by O.V. Ovsyannikov, examined the monument of the spiritual culture of the Nenets - the sanctuary "Kozmin Pereselok" ("Kharv Pod" - the road to the larch thicket). In 1986-1997 The Maritime Arctic Complex Expedition (MAKE), led by P.V. Boyarsky, conducted research on about. Vaigach. Based on these materials, a map of the sacred places of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug was created.
The main shrine of Neve-hehe-mother idol is located in the north of about. Vaigach in the upper reaches of the river. Heheyaha, between lakes Yangoto and Heheto. Judging by the data of V. A. Islavin and A. A. Borisov, the Nenets called the highest rock with a crack resembling a female sign “Neve-khege”.

In the XIX-XX centuries. there is an active interest in the sacred places on Yamal. In the work "The Yamal Peninsula" B. Zhitkov gives a description of the sacrificial place Yav'mal hehe revered by the Nenets - a place of worship for different families living in Yamal.

Ethnographer-researcher V.P. Evladov devoted a lot of time and energy to the study and description of sacred places, who organized a scientific expedition together with the Ural Committee of the North in 1928-1929. across the Yamal tundra. He recorded basically all the major places of worship of the Nenets. He also managed to visit and describe the main shrine of the Nenets Sir Iri (White Old Man) on about. White. The Nenets call it the island of the White Old Man (Sir Iri Ngo). Since ancient times, this island has been a kind of gateway to Yamal.
In July-August 2000, with the financial support of the administration of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, an ethnographic expedition to the Yamal region was carried out. Its purpose was to study, record and collect information about sacred and ritual places, describe historical and cultural monuments, sacred and religious places, national burials (certification, registration, recommendations for establishing the boundaries of protected areas and creating a map of sacred places).
The collected materials were processed, analyzed and a map of sacred places was compiled. Many of the points indicated on the map were personally examined by the author. Some designations of sacred places are recorded from the words of informants living in the area.
The sacred place Sir Iri is located in the depths of Bely Island, 25-30 km from the Malygin Strait. It has apparently not been visited for a long time and seems neglected. In the center of the sanctuary there is a figure about 2-2.5 m high. Around there are logs of various sizes, possibly idols. Time and weather took their toll, some of them collapsed under the influence of water and wind. The figure of Sir Irie is made of round wood, the master carefully processed the front part, the neck and the transition to the shoulder girdle are outlined, small hands are outlined, apparently, there were tree branches in this place, which made it easier for the master. During our expeditions across the Yamal, we often had to see a similar figure in the sacred Nenets sleds. At the same time, the figure of Sir Iry was always dressed in a malitsa, however, in the descriptions of researchers and travelers, we do not find a mention of a similar attribute of this image. Although informants claim that when sacrificing to Sir Iri, they put on the skin of a sacrificial deer (khanty) (Yaptik Ya.) or a bear (sir vark) (Khudi V.).

According to the stories of informants, at the sacred site of Ilebyampertya (Bely Island, Cape Malygina, 15-20 km from the strait), sacrifices of a polar bear or a white deer were held. The skin of the sacrificial animal was used to wrap the central figure of the syadei (idol). During our examination of this sacred place, fresh sacrifices were not found, but the remains of rotten skins and skins lay around. Many skulls of polar bears and deer were scattered around the altar, and near the central figure there was a whole mountain of skulls.

Sacrificial place Yamal heheya is a place of worship and sacrifices of seven families living on the Yamal Peninsula. According to reindeer breeders, anyone can come here, regardless of clan and tribe. Seven generic sacrificial places are located at a great distance from each other. The central sacred place is about 2.5 m high and several meters wide. Sacrifices were found on all the altars. On each, idols of different sizes are stuck, there are small freshly carved syadei, and traces of deer blood are visible on their faces, and sacred poles (sims) were found, shreds of fabric of different colors are tied to them. Not far from the altars, traces of a fire and charred logs are visible.
Sur'nya hehe i is located 25 km from the village. Syunay-Sale behind the small river Kharvut. The basis is made up of five larches. Under them are several chests (caskets). Everywhere hang the horns of sacrificial deer, ribbons of different colors, a lot of dishes. According to the legend, which was told by the inhabitants of the village, the hostess sometimes appears at this sacred place and frightens people who came not for sacrifice, but for pampering. Women are generally forbidden to appear here.

The sacred sled of Kharvut hehe khan is located on the high bank of the Kharvut River. Apparently, it has been standing here for a long time, since part of it has gone underground. The sled is three-legged, gray-greenish in color, in some places overgrown with yellowish-white moss. There is a casket on the sled, the right side of which is broken. Boards from the casket and pieces of birch bark are lying around, perhaps cult objects were wrapped in it earlier. A cult sculpture 50 cm in size was found in the sled. The front part is clearly processed, the neck is marked, the figure becomes narrower downwards and less worked out. When examining the sacred sled, two more cult sculptures were discovered: one about 25 cm, most likely male (the figure is destroyed by time and there are no clear contours), the second is about 30 cm, more complex in processing, the front part is very clearly worked out, the neck and shoulder part are marked . Most likely, this is a female figure, since the lower part of the body is worked out in great detail: legs, waist. The master, not without interest, reacted to the study of the female genitalia.
Hebidya then hehe I is located 15 km from the village. Syunay-Sale, on the high bank of a large lake. Previously, this cult place was often visited by reindeer herders who drove herds of deer from the Khen side to summer pastures on Yamal. But a few years ago this place was partially destroyed (a large larch tree, on which many sacrificial skulls hung, was demolished by a tractor). According to the stories of informants, a small one grew up near the broken larch, and the Nenets began to make sacrifices to this place. Traces of sacrifices, deer skulls, colored shreds of fabrics were found here. A very modest sacred place, there are no bulky heaps of sacrificial skulls, as is the case in Northern Yamal.

During the expedition, new, previously unexplored places of worship were discovered: Limbya Ngudui hehe ya; Nyarme hehe I; Sarmik yara hehe i; Munota yaram hehe i; Parne Sale (mouth of the Mordyyakha River); Yasavey hehe i; Tomboy hehe me; Si’iv Serpiva khoy (Turmayakh river); Serotetto seda (Yuribey River, Yamal); Tirs seda (upper reaches of the Yakhadiyakha river); Warnge Yaha Hehe Ya (Warngeto District); Labakhei to (upper reaches of the Sebesyakha river).
Throughout the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, generic Nenets burials are scattered. Many travelers and researchers described Nenets burials and burial methods [Zavalishin, 1862; Zuev, 1947; Bakhrushin, 1955; Gracheva, 1971; Khomich, 1966, 1976, 1995; Susoi, 1994; Lehtisalo, 1998]. Since ancient times, the Nenets tried to locate cemeteries (halmer’) in their ancestral territories near summer pastures. Usually these were dry places and high hills on the banks of lakes and rivers. In Yamal, we found burials of various forms. These are burials in a kaldanka (khoy ngano), the sharp ends of which are processed according to the size of the figure; burials in a deck, in elongated forms resembling barrels for salting fish; burials on sleds, in structures similar to the wreckage of ships (large boats); in structures similar to sacred sledges (with caskets), perhaps this is how shamans were buried in ancient times.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
Kushelevsky Yu. I. The North Pole and the land of Yalmal: Travel notes. - St. Petersburg: Type. Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1868. - II, 155 p.
http://regionyamal.ru/
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http://www.photosight.ru/
photo S.Vagaev, S.Anisimov, A.Snegirev.