Volkov Y., Dobrenkov V., Nechipurenko V., Popov A. Sociology

Foreword

Chapter 1. SOCIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
§ 1.1. Sociology as a science
Sociology and other sciences
Definitions of the subject of sociology

§ 1.2. Development of sociology

Background and socio-philosophical premises of sociology
The formation of sociology as a science
Classical sociological theories
Russian sociological thought
Contemporary sociological theories

§ 1.3. Levels of sociological analysis and sociological paradigms

Levels of analysis
Sociological paradigms

§ 1.4. Theoretical approaches in sociology

Functionalism
Conflict theory
Symbolic interactionism

§ 1.5. Sociological research

Basic concepts
Stages of sociological research
Research methods
Research ethics
Sociological perspective
sociological imagination

Chapter 2. CULTURE
§ 2.1. Definitions of culture

§ 2.2. Culture Components

Norms
Values
Symbols and language

§ 2.3. Culture and myth

Main theories
Ideology

§ 2.4. Unity and Diversity of Cultures

Cultural universals
cultural integration
ethnocentrism
Cultural relativism
Subcultures and countercultures
cultural evolution

Chapter 3. SOCIALIZATION
§ 3.1. Fundamentals of socialization
The value of socialization
Nature and nurture
social communication
Definition of the situation

§ 3.2. Personality

Personality characteristics
Self
The theory of "mirror self"
The notion of a “generalized other”
The “impression management” process

§ 3.3. Socialization during the life cycle

Life cycle in different cultures
Childhood
Adolescence
Early maturity or youth
middle age or maturity
Old age or old age
Death

§ 3.4. Resocialization

Chapter 4

§ 4.2. Classification of social groups

Social connections
Primary and secondary groups
Internal and external groups
Reference groups

§ 4.3. group dynamics

Group size
Leadership
Social skimping
Social dilemmas
groupthink
conformism

§ 4.4. Social organizations

Characteristics of the organization
Formal organizations
Types of formal organizations
Bureaucracy
Weber's concept of bureaucracy
Drawbacks of Bureaucracy
Management in organizations
Informal organizations

Chapter 5. DEVIATION AND SOCIAL CONTROL
§ 5.1. Nature of deviation
Social characteristics of deviation
social control
Social effects of deviation

§ 5.2. Sociological theories of deviation

Study of deviant behavior
Theory of anomie
Cultural transfer theory
Conflict theory
Stigma theory

§ 5.3. Crime and the justice system

Chapter 6. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
§ 6.1. Models of social stratification
Social differentiation
Open and closed stratification systems
Stratification measurements

§ 6.2. Systems of social stratification

Slavery
castes
Clans
Classes
Gender inequality and social stratification

§ 6.3. Theories of social inequality

Functionalist theory of stratification
Conflictological theory of stratification

§ 6.4. The class system of modern societies

social classes
Stratification of modern Russian society
Identification of social classes
Significance of social classes
Middle class
Poverty in Russia
Deprivation

§ 6.5. social mobility

Forms of social mobility
Social mobility in industrial societies
Status Achievement Processes

Chapter 7. RACIAL, ETHNIC AND GENDER INEQUALITY
§ 7.1. Racial and ethnic stratification
Races, ethnic groups and minorities
Prejudice and discrimination
Dominant group politics
Functionalist and conflictological theories
National-ethnic composition of Russia

§ 7.2. Gender stratification

Female minority
Gender roles and culture
Gender identity
Gender roles in Russia and Western countries

Chapter 8. FAMILY
§ 8.1. Family structure
The role of the family
Family types
Forms of marriage
Functionalist approach to the family problem
Conflictological approach to the problem of the family

§ 8.2. Marriage and family in Russia and the USA

Choosing a partner for marriage
Family children
parental status
Working mothers
Violence, child abuse and incest in the family
Dynamics of marriages and divorces in Russia
Families with stepfather or mother
Caring for the Elderly

§ 8.3. Alternative lifestyles

Causes of Diversity in Lifestyles
single life
Unregistered couples
Families with single parents

§ 9.2. Education

Training and education
Functionalist approach to education
Conflictology about education
Education in modern Russia

§ 9.3. healthcare

Functionalist approach to healthcare
Conflict approach to healthcare
Health care system
Russian population health

CHAPTER 10. THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
§ 10.1. Ecological environment
Ecosystem
Effects of overpopulation

§ 10.2. Population

World population growth
Factors affecting population change
Demographic processes in Russia
Population structure
Malthus and Marx
Demographic transition theory
Demographic policy
Demographic forecast of the world population

§ 10.3. urban environment

The origin and evolution of cities
Urban Growth Models
Russian cities

§ 11.2. collective behavior

Variety of models of collective behavior
Prerequisites for Collective Behavior
Crowd Behavior Explanations

§ 11.3. social movements

Types of social movements
social revolution
Terrorism
Causes of social movements
Social problems

Conclusion. A LOOK INTO THE FUTURE
Changes in the world
Multipolar world
Russia's place in the world community

Glossary of technical terms

Literature

MOSCOW
2003

The textbook took 1st place in All-Russian competition(2001) Ministry of Education Russian Federation for the creation of textbooks on the cycle “General humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines” in the nomination “Sociology”

Reviewers:
Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor A.V. Dmitriev, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor N.S. Sleptsov

Volkov Yu.G., Dobrenkov V.I., Nechipurenko V.N., Popov A.V.
Sociology: Textbook / Ed. prof. SOUTH. Volkova. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M.: Gardariki, 2003. - 512 p.: ill.
The textbook is written taking into account the state educational standard of the second generation, based on Russian realities and the best foreign and domestic textbooks of sociology, is distinguished by encyclopedic and “layered” presentation, an integral solution learning objectives and aims to give the reader a sound knowledge of sociology. The history of social ideas, basic concepts, directions and paradigms of sociology, as well as its methods are considered. Special attention devoted to issues of modern sociology.
Designed for students of higher educational institutions. It is of interest to graduate students and university professors, as well as to a wide range of readers.

FOREWORD

There are few academic disciplines that concern us as intimately as sociology. As a science that studies social organizations and interactions, sociology helps to understand the events around us and the social forces that affect us, focuses attention on those aspects of our social environment that we often ignore, lose sight of or take for granted. Sociology equips us with a special form of awareness of reality.
The proposed textbook consistently sets out the principles, laws and regularities of the emergence and functioning of human societies, organized into a system of science, which its founder O. Comte called sociology.
The sociology curriculum aims to give students a fairly complete compendium of knowledge about the specifics of sociology and its laws, isolating it from the vast mass of information provided by scientific and educational literature.
The layout of the material and the data of sociological research, examples from various areas of social life will allow the reader who does not have special training to get acquainted with a wide range of sociological problems with the least expenditure of time.
This textbook focuses on principles rather than details, the main points rather than current issues, and the description of specially selected examples, not just a listing of facts.
The structure of the textbook maintains integrity training course sociology, which allows, according to the authors' intention, to use it optimally, in particular, when preparing for an exam - for systematization and quick assimilation of the material.
Many key topics - the theory and practice of sociological research, culture, socialization, groups and organizations, deviation and social control, social stratification, race, gender, family, religion, society and social change - are covered here more fully than in most sociology textbooks. .
At the end of the textbook is a list of key terms and definitions. The most important sociological terms are highlighted in type, their definitions are given in the textbook as these terms appear in the text.
Sociological culture is becoming an integral element of Russian reality. In its formation and development, Russian sociology, relying, of course, on its own traditions and achievements, uses the experience of Western sociology. This book is based on the materials of the best foreign and domestic sociology textbooks - E. Asp, E. Giddens, A. Johnson, J. W. Vander Zanden, R. Lamm and R. Schaefer, A. Mendra, N. Smelser, J. Ritzer , J. M. Hinslin, as well as many scientific articles.
Interest in sociology is natural for people in general, since man, being a social being, is himself the object of its study. We believe that every educated person should have an understanding of sociology, which is why we wrote this book.
Authors

978-5-369-01582-7

Volkov Yury Grigorievich

Kozyrev, G.I. Sociology: studies. allowance / G.I. Kozyrev. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - Moscow: Publishing House "FORUM", 2010. - 320 p. - (Higher education). - ISBN 978-5-8199-0405-3. - Text: electronic. - URL: http://website/catalog/product/474234 read

978-5-98281-415-9

Concepts introduced sociological science, its history, theories, directions and concepts. The society, its structure and types, relations between the individual and society, issues of social communications, behavior, stratification, mobility, as well as changes and movements are considered. Each section of the textbook contains examples from life and the results of sociological research, which facilitates the assimilation of the material and forms a comprehensive idea of ​​modern social reality. For students, graduate students, teachers of sociological faculties. It is of interest to social scientists.

Vereshchagina Anna Vladimirovna

Sociology of security: Textbook / A.V. Vereshchagin, S.I. Samygin, N.Kh. Gafiatulina [and others]; Ed. SOUTH. Volkov. - Moscow: RIOR: INFRA-M, 2017 - 264 pp.: 60x90 / 16 - (VO: Bachelor's degree; Southern Federal University - 100 years) (P) ISBN 978-5-369-01582-7 - Text: electronic. - URL: http://website/catalog/product/563785 read

978-5-369-01582-7

Security is one of actual problems both a single state and the world community as a whole. In this regard, it is important to analyze the main risks and threats to the security of modern society, their types and sources, as well as the social consequences for a society that has long been functioning in a risky mode. The designated range of tasks constitutes the subject field of the sociology of security as a branch of scientific knowledge, which is acquiring the status of vital for ensuring the stable and safe life of the civilization of the third millennium. The textbook is aimed at a wide range of readers, primarily students of higher educational institutions, undergraduates and graduate students, teachers of sociological disciplines, as well as all those who are seriously interested in the security problems of modern society.

Volkov Yury Grigorievich

Fundamentals of sociology and political science: studies. allowance / Yu.G. Volkov, A.V. Lubsky. - 2nd ed., add. — M. : INFRA-M, 2018. — 204 p. — (Secondary vocational education). - Access mode: http://website/catalog/product/923771 read

978-5-16-011915-1

In a textbook based on modern achievements in the field of sociology and political science in a systematic way, the main theoretical issues relating to the social and political life modern society. Each chapter of the manual provides an overview of the main theoretical concepts developed by foreign and domestic scientists. Distinctive feature benefits is the presence of specially designed tasks and logical tasks aimed at developing the cognitive independence of students, the formation professional competencies in the field of sociology and political science and encouragement to the creative development of educational material. The textbook has been prepared in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary Vocational Education of the latest generation. Designed for students of secondary vocational schools studying the basics of sociology and political science.

2nd ed., rev. and additional - M.: Gardariki, 2003. - 512 p.

The textbook is written taking into account the state educational standard of the second generation, based on Russian realities and the best foreign and domestic sociology textbooks, is distinguished by encyclopedic and “layered” presentation, an integral solution of educational problems and aims to give the reader a solid knowledge of sociology. The history of social ideas, basic concepts, directions and paradigms of sociology, as well as its methods are considered. Particular attention is paid to the issues of modern sociology.

Designed for students of higher educational institutions. It is of interest to graduate students and university professors, as well as to a wide range of readers.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface 5
Chapter 1. SOCIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE 7
§ 1.1. Sociology as a science 7
Sociology and other sciences 7
Definitions of the subject of sociology 10
§ 1.2. Development of sociology 13
Background and socio-philosophical premises of sociology 13
The formation of sociology as a science 18
Classical sociological theories 25
Russian sociological thought 30
Modern sociological theories 40
§ 1.3. Levels of sociological analysis and sociological paradigms 63
Levels of Analysis 63
Sociological paradigms 65
§ 1.4. Theoretical approaches in sociology 68
Functionalism 68
Conflict Theory 71
Symbolic Interactionism 75
§ 1.5. Sociological research 78
Basic concepts 78
Stages of sociological research 79
Research methods 83
Research ethics 87
Sociological perspective 88
Sociological imagination 88
Chapter 2. CULTURE 90
§ 2.1. Cultural definitions 90
§ 2.2. Components of culture 93
Norms 93
Values ​​95
Symbols and language 96
§ 2.3. Culture and myth 98
Basic theories 98
Ideology 100
§ 2.4. Unity and Diversity of Cultures 103
Cultural Universals 103
Cultural integration 104
Ethnocentrism 105
Cultural relativism 106
Subcultures and countercultures 107
Cultural evolution 108
Chapter 3. SOCIALIZATION. . 112
§ 3.1. Fundamentals of socialization 112
The value of socialization 112
Nature and nurture 114
Social communication 116
Definition of the situation 121
§ 3.2. Personality 122
Personality characteristics 122
Self 124
Mirror self theory 126
The concept of "generalized other" 128
The process of "managing impressions" 130
§ 3.3. Socialization during the life cycle 132
Life cycle in different cultures 132
Childhood 134
Adolescence 136
Early maturity or youth 138
Middle age or maturity 142
Old age, or old age 144
Death 146
§ 3.4. Resocialization 148
Chapter 4. SOCIAL GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS 149
§ 4.1. Social structure 149
Basic concepts: 149
Social statuses 151
Social roles 152
Groups 155
Institutes 156
Societies 160
§ 4.2. Classification of social groups 163
Social connections 163
Primary and secondary groups 164
Internal and external groups 166
Reference groups 167
§ 4.3. Group dynamics 168
Group size 168
Leadership 170
Social skimping 171
Social dilemmas 172
Groupthink 173
Conformity 174
§ 4.4. Social organizations 175
Characteristic features of the organization 175
Formal organizations 178
Types of formal organizations 179
Bureaucracy 180
Weber's concept of bureaucracy 181
Disadvantages of bureaucracy 183
Management in organizations 186
Informal organizations 191
Chapter 5. DEVIATION AND SOCIAL CONTROL 193
§ 5.1. Nature of deviation 193
Social characteristics of deviation 193
Social control 196
Social effects of deviation 198
§ 5.2. Sociological theories of deviation 201
Studying deviant behavior 201
Theory of anomie 202
Cultural transfer theory 206
Conflict Theory 208
Stigma theory 211
§ 5.3. Crime and the justice system 215
Law enforcement system 215
Crime 219
Drugs and crime 223
Imprisonment 224
Totalitarian institutions 227
Crime in Russia 228
Chapter 6. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION 233
§ 6.1. Models of social stratification 25i
Social differentiation 233
Open and closed stratification systems 234
Stratification measurements 235
§ 6.2. Social stratification systems 240
Slavery 240
Castes 242
Clans 244
Classes 245
Gender inequality and social stratification 246
§ 6.3. Theories of social inequality 246
Functionalist theory of stratification 246
Conflictological theory of stratification 248
§ 6.4. The class system of modern societies 250
Social classes 250
Stratification of modern Russian society 253
Identification of social classes 257
The Importance of Social Classes 259
Middle class 260
Poverty in Russia 261
Deprivation 263
§ 6.5. Social mobility 265
Forms of social mobility 265
Social mobility in industrial societies 268
Status Achievement Processes 269
Chapter 7. RACIAL, ETHNIC AND GENDER INEQUALITY 271
§ 7.1. Racial and ethnic stratification 271
Races, ethnic groups and minorities 271
Prejudice and discrimination 274
Dominant group politics 276
Functionalist and conflictological theories 278
National-ethnic composition of Russia 280
§ 7.2. Tender stratification 282
Female minority 282
Gender roles and culture 283
Gender self-identification 285
Gender roles in Russia and Western countries 287
Chapter 8. FAMILY 292
§ 8.1. Family structure 292
The role of the family. 292
Family types 294
Forms of marriage 297
Functionalist Approach to the Problem of the Family 300
Conflictological approach to the problem of the family 302
§ 8.2. Marriage and family in Russia and the USA 304
Choosing a partner for marriage 304
Family children 307
Parental status 308
Working mothers 309
Violence, child abuse and incest in the family 310
Dynamics of marriages and divorces in Russia 313
Families with a step-father or mother 315
Caring for the Elderly 317
§ 8.3. Alternative lifestyles 318
Causes of Diversity in Lifestyles 318
Bachelor Life 318
Unregistered couples 319
Families with single parents 321
Chapter 9. RELIGION, EDUCATION AND HEALTH 323
§ 9.1. Religion 323
Sacred and shitty 323
Types of Religious Beliefs and Practices 324
social forms organizations of religion 325
Functions of Religion 335
Dysfunctions of religion 339
Conflictology and functionalism about religion 339
Confirmation of Tradition: Islamic Revolution in Iran 342
Changes in the Secular World: The Protestant Ethic 343
The Revival of Religion in Russia 345
Problems of relations between the state and the church in Russia 350
§ 9.2. Education 352
Training and education 352
Functionalist Approach to Education 353
Conflictology about education 355
Education in modern Russia 357
§ 9.3. Health 367
Functionalist approach to healthcare 367
Conflictological approach to health care. . .- 369
Health system 370
Russian population health 372
CHAPTER 10. THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT 376
§ 10.1. Ecological environment 376
Ecosystem 376
Effects of overpopulation 380
§ 10.2. Population 381
Population growth in the world 381
Factors affecting population change 382
Demographic processes in Russia 385
Population structure 390
Malthus and Marx 391
Demographic transition theory 393
Population policy 395
Demographic population forecast the globe.... 397
§ 10.3. urban environment 400
The origin and evolution of cities 400
Urban Growth Models 405
Russian cities 408
Chapter 11. SOCIAL CHANGES 413
§ 11.1. Sources of social change 413
Social factors changes 413
Approaches to the study of social change. Concepts of social progress 416
Modernization 425
Modernization and industrialization 427
Transformation of societies 428
Social Changes in Russia 435
Social Change in the Third World 438
World system and processes of globalization 441
§ 11.2. Collective behavior 445
Diversity of Collective Behavior Models 445
Prerequisites for collective behavior 451
Crowd Behavior Explanations 455
§ 11.3. Social movements 458
Types of social movements 458
Social Revolution 460
Terrorism 462
Causes of social movements 464
Social problems 466
Conclusion. LOOKING TO THE FUTURE 469
Changes in the world 469
Multipolar world 470
Russia's place in the world community 474
Glossary of technical terms 476
Literature 495

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Biography

Specialist in social philosophy and sociology.

Director of the Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training of the Southern Federal University, Director of the South Russian Branch of the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Sociology, Political Science and Law of the Institute of Pedagogics of the Southern Federal University.

Scientific interests

• sociology of personality
• personality and ideology

Volkov develops the concept of a holistic personality and integral human nature; the theory of interaction about-va and personality in a transformed society.

They substantiate the idea of ​​a humanistic ideology, the position on the rationalization of politics and management in modern times. ross. conditions;

The process of forms of value orientations of the population in the transitional period, as well as the factors of optimal functioning of new educational institutes, is being studied.

Publications

There are more than 150 works in total, a number of works have been translated into English, German and Serbian. Published more than 10 textbooks and manuals with the stamp of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.

2007

• Social science: Proc. allowance M., (co-author).
• Sociology: Proc. allowance. M.; Rostov n/D., (co-author).
• Sociology: Textbook. 3rd edition. Rostov n/a..
• Sociology: history and modernity. Ed. 2nd. Rostov n/D., (co-author).
• Sociology: Textbook. M.; Rostov n/D., (co-author).

2006

• Identity and ideology: a look into the future. M..
• Transformation of the value system of modern Russian society. M..
• Sociology: Textbook. M.
• Sociology: Textbook. M.; Rostov n/D. Humanistic ideology and the formation of Russian identity. M.
• Sociology: a course of lectures. Ed. 2nd. revised and additional Rostov n/a..
• Professional retraining: Study method. instructions. Rostov n/D., (co-author).

2005

• Regional policy and ideology in modern Russia. Rostov n/a,.
• The ideology of the region and the current ideological situation in Russia. Rostov n/a.
• Humanistic perspective as a national goal of Russian society. M.

2004

• ideology and humanism. M., (with co-authors).
• Sociology: Textbook. Rostov n/a,.

2003

• Additional professional education in Rostov state university. Rostov n/a.
• Ideology for Russia (the main ideas of the humanistic ideology of Russia). Rostov n/a.

2001

• Social science: Proc. allowance. M., (with co-authors).
• Humanism and multi-ethnic Russia. Maykop, (co-author).
• Ideology of humanism and modern world. M., (with co-authors).

2000

• Youth of modern Russia: Conditions social development during the period of transformation. Rostov n/a, (co-author).
• Sociology: Textbook. M., (co-author)
• Youth of modern Russia: conditions of social formation in the period of transformation. Rostov n/a.
• Problems of formation of ideologies regional development. Rostov n/a, (co-author).
• Manifesto of Humanism. (Ideology and humanistic future of Russia). M..

1999

• Ideology and humanistic future of Russia. Rostov n/a.
• Sociology in questions and answers: Proc. allowance. M., (with co-authors).
• Sociology: Course of lectures: Proc. allowance. Rostov n/a, (co-author).
• Sociology: History and Modernity: Proc. allowance. Rostov n/a, (co-author).
• Human. encyclopedic Dictionary. M., (with co-authors).
• Political science in questions and answers: Proc. allowance. M., (with co-authors).

1998

• Personality and humanism. Beograd.
• multidimensional world modern man. M.
• Sociology: Textbook. M., (with co-authors).

1997

• Political Science: A Brief Encyclopedic Dictionary-Reference. Rostov n/a, (co-author).

1996

• legitimacy political power(methodological problems and Russian realities). M., (with co-authors).

1995

• Homo Numanus. Personality and humanism. M.

1994

• The integral nature of man. Rostov n/a, (co-author).

1993

• Man as a cosmoplanetary phenomenon. Rostov n/a, (co-author).

1985

• Holistic personality: Essence, ways of formation. Rostov n/a.

1984

• The social mechanism for the formation of a comprehensively and harmoniously developed personality. M.

Achievements

• Doctor of philosophical science
• Professor
• Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation

Awards

• Laureate of the Prize. I.G. Petrovsky (for a series of scientific and pedagogical works in sociology)
• silver medal to them. P. Sorokina (for his contribution to the development of sociology in Russia)

Membership in academies and learned societies

• Vice President of the Academy humanities RF
• member of the Higher Attestation Commission of Russia
• Chairman of the Doctoral Dissertation Council in Philosophical and Sociological Sciences
• foreign member of the Serbian Academy of Education
• Honored Scientist of the Republic of Ingushetia
• Honored Scientist of the Republic of Adygea
• member of the editorial board of journals sociological research» «Scientific thought of the Caucasus» «News of higher educational institutions. North Caucasian region” “Social and humanitarian knowledge”.