Personal maturity and immaturity, how they are interrelated. Mature personality With personal maturity and need

The level of personality development often correlates with the degree of its socialization. The criteria of maturity, respectively, are the criteria of socialization. At the same time, the question of the criteria for the maturity of a personality is not once and for all resolved in Russian psychology. Among maturity indicators:

  • the breadth of social connections, represented at the subject level: I-other, I-others, I-society as a whole, I-mankind;
  • measure of personality development as a subject;
  • the nature of the activity - from appropriation to implementation and conscious reproduction;
  • social competence.

C. G. Jung linked the achievement of maturity with the individual's acceptance of responsibility primarily for his projections, their awareness and subsequent assimilation. K. Rogers considered responsibility in close connection with awareness, freedom to be oneself, control of one's own life and choice.

  1. Expansion of feeling I, which gradually arises in infancy, is not fully formed in the first 3-4 years or even in the first 10 years of life, but continues to expand with experience, as the circle of things in which the person participates increases. Here, the activity of the I is important, which must be purposeful.
  2. Warmth in relationships with others. A person should be capable of significant intimacy in love (in a strong friendship). And at the same time - to avoid idle, obsessive own involvement in relationships with other people, even with their own family.
  3. Emotional security (self-acceptance). A mature person expresses his or her beliefs and feelings in a way that is sensitive to the beliefs and feelings of others and does not feel threatened by the expression of emotions, either by oneself or others.
  4. Realistic perception, skills and tasks. A mature person should be focused on the problem, on something objective that is worth doing. The task makes you forget about the satisfaction of desires, pleasures, pride, protection. This criterion is obviously related to responsibility, which is the existentialist ideal of maturity. At the same time, a mature personality is in close contact with the real world.
  5. self-objectification- understanding, humor. A person acting for show does not realize that his deception is transparent, and his posture is inadequate. A mature person knows that it is impossible to "fake" a person, one can only intentionally play a role for the sake of entertainment. The higher the self-understanding, the more pronounced the person's sense of humor. It is worth remembering that real humor sees behind some serious object or subject (for example, oneself) a contrast between appearance and essence.
  6. Unified philosophy of life. A mature person necessarily has a clear idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhis goal in life. A mature person has a relatively clear self-image. This criterion is connected with the “maturity” of conscience. A mature conscience is a sense of duty to maintain one's self-image in an acceptable form, to continue one's chosen line of proprietary aspirations, to create one's own style of being. Conscience is a kind of self-guidance.

It is important to note that the process of socialization does not stop even in adulthood. Moreover, it never ends, but always has a conscious or unconscious purpose. Thus, the concepts of "maturity" and "adulthood" are not synonymous. In fact, even at the individual level, the concepts of "maturity" and "adulthood" do not completely coincide. Within the framework of one paradigm, the problem of maturity can be considered at the level of correlation between different levels of human organization: individual, personality, subject of activity. According to A. A. Bodalev, in the process of human development there is a certain relationship between the manifestations of the individual, the personality and the subject of activity. The nature of this relationship can be represented in four main variants..

  1. individual the development of a person is significantly ahead of his personal and subject-activity development. A person is physically already an adult, but his assimilation of the basic values ​​of life, his attitude to work, and his sense of responsibility are insufficient. More often this occurs in those families where parents "prolong childhood" for their children.
  2. personal human development is more intensive than his individual and subject-activity development. All qualities (values, attitudes) are ahead of the pace of physical maturation, and a person, as a subject of labor, cannot develop habits for everyday labor effort, determine his vocation.
  3. Subject-activity development is leading compared to the other two. A person can almost fanatically love to work at the level of his still small physical capabilities and poorly formed positive personal qualities.
  4. There is a relative correspondence of the pace of individual, personal and subject-activity development. The ratio, the most optimal development of a person throughout his life. Normal physical development, good physical health is one of the factors not only for more successful assimilation, but also for the manifestation of the basic values ​​of life and culture, which are expressed in the motives of human behavior. And positive motivation, behind which stands the emotional-need core of the personality, is one of the indispensable components of the structure of a person as an active subject of activity.

A. A. Rean, trying to generalize the well-known approaches to the psychological understanding of the level of maturity of a person, identifies four, in his opinion, basic or main components that are not “ordinary”:

  • responsibility;
  • tolerance;
  • self-development;
  • positive thinking or a positive attitude towards the world, which determines a positive view of the world.

The last component is integrative, since it covers all the others, being simultaneously present in them.

Personal development does not end with the acquisition of autonomy and independence. We can say that the development of personality is a process that never ends, which indicates the infinity and unlimited self-disclosure of personality. It goes a long way, one of the stages of which is the achievement of self-determination, self-government, independence from external urges, the other is the realization by the personality of the forces and abilities inherent in it, the third is overcoming one's limited Self and the active development of more general global values.

Self-development is influenced by a large group of factors: individual characteristics, age, relationships with others, professional activities, family relationships etc. The process of self-development of an adult is uneven, changes in personality relations at certain periods of life are progressive in nature, raise it to the level of "acme", then evolutionary processes begin, leading to "stagnation" or regression of the personality.

The stage of maturity and at the same time a certain peak of this maturity - acme (translated from Greek means "top", "point") - this is a multidimensional state of a person, which, although it covers a stage of his life that is significant in time, is never a static formation and is distinguished by a greater or less variation and variability. Acme shows how a person has developed as a citizen, as a specialist in a certain type of activity, as a spouse, as a parent, etc.

Acmeology- this is a science that arose at the junction of natural, social, humanitarian, technical disciplines, studying the phenomenology, patterns and mechanisms of human development at the stage of his maturity and especially when he reaches the most high level in this development.

The concept of "acmeology" was proposed in 1928 by N. A. Rybnikov, and new area scientific research in human knowledge began to create in 1968 B. G. Ananiev. One of critical tasks acmeology is to find out the characteristics that should be formed in a person in preschool childhood, younger school age, during the years of adolescence and youth, so that he can successfully prove himself in all respects at the stage of maturity.

2.2. The search for criteria for the maturity of a person as a person

The concept of maturity in psychology involves the allocation of two main aspects: maturity as stage of life and maturity as state of the art. Hence one of the important problems: the definition of objective criteria of human maturity. However, this is hindered by referring the concept of "maturity" to different hypostases of a person. Within the framework of one paradigm, the problem of maturity can be considered at the levels of the individual, personality, subject of activity and individuality. In relation to another system of concepts, we can mean intellectual maturity, emotional maturity and personal maturity. In both systems, as, in fact, in any other paradigm, there is an objective reality outlined by the concept of "personal maturity". The most complex and unexplored of all aspects of maturity is precisely personal maturity. Today, perhaps, it is impossible to describe the model of social maturity of the individual with exhaustive completeness.

Various characteristics and personality traits are put forward as criteria for psychological maturity in the psychological literature. This may be the ability of the individual to reflect, and her readiness to carefully fulfill the social roles assigned to her, and the ability of the individual to achieve the goal at the appropriate age. In society, each age is assigned a certain level of achievement, and if a person meets these social expectations, then he is considered mature. In social psychology, the concept of adaptation to the social environment is put forward as a criterion for psychological maturity. A person is considered psychologically mature if she is well adapted to the social environment, if she is not in conflict, if she shares social norms of behavior and accepts social values. The psychosocial maturity of a person can be defined as the ability to recognize the existing boundaries of social reality, predict the consequences of one's own actions and take responsibility for one's own life, as well as for the life of those around them.

Hall and Lindsay (1997), characterizing a mature person, distinguish the following characteristics: wide boundaries of the Self, the ability to have warm social relations, the presence of self-acceptance, a realistic perception of experience, the ability to self-knowledge, a sense of humor, the presence of a certain philosophy of life. B. Livehud (1994) considers three main properties of a mature person: wisdom; gentleness and condescension; self-awareness.

Most of the listed criteria reflect some separate aspects of this concept, so each of them, being, in fact, true, is at the same time one-sided.

Maturity and its criteria were studied by B. G. Ananiev; he considered maturity at the levels of the individual, the subject of activity, personality and individuality. A. A. Rean (2000) proposes to consider intellectual, emotional and personal maturity. He identifies four components, or criteria, of personal maturity, which are basic and around which many others are formed. Such components are responsibility, tolerance, self-development, and the fourth integrative component, which covers all the previous ones and is present in each of them, is positive thinking, a positive attitude towards the world, which determines a positive view of the world. Thus, we can say that the criterion of social maturity is prosocial behavior.

This text is an introductory piece. From the book Self-Exploration - the Key to the Higher Self. Understanding yourself. author Pint Alexander Alexandrovich

The end of personality - the beginning of man. A dead man was carried along the street. The son asked Molla: - Father, what is it? - Human. - Where are they taking him? - They carry him to where there is no bread, no water, no firewood, no fire. Molla's son thought a little and said: - Well, he would have said that to our house

From the book Psychology of Personality: Lecture Notes author Guseva Tamara Ivanovna

LECTURE No. 26. Features of the functioning of the personality in the period of maturity. Midlife crisis Middle age differs from previous periods of personality development by the lack of specific frameworks and definitions. The concept of "mature person" covers quite a wide range of

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Human character and personality traits People who are prone to anger, hostility, cynicism, irritability are more prone to stress, and open, friendly people with a sense of humor, on the contrary, are more resistant to the vicissitudes of fate. The study, which was

From the book The Art of Natural Living or the Wise Leader author Pint Alexander

There are no criteria for success A wise leader does not get involved and does not support the game of "success - failure" in the group. He understands that the pursuit of success breeds competition and envy among group members, which leads to defeat. He does not proclaim any

author

Alexander Grigorievich Asmolov Psychology of personality. Cultural-historical understanding of human development Perhaps, whisper was born before lips, And the leaves whirled in woodlessness, And those to whom we dedicate experience, Before experience acquired features. Osip Mandelstam Nobody

From the book Psychology of Personality [Cultural and Historical Understanding of Human Development] author Asmolov Alexander Grigorievich

Chapter 6 The role of individual properties of a person in the development of personality The evolutionary aspect of the study of individual differences between people

From the book Transpersonal Psychology. New approaches the author Tulin Alexey

Psychology of the personality of a mystical person The following conclusions are based on my personal experience observations and analysis of the literature on anomalous phenomena. As a rule, in such esoteric literature, rather little attention is paid to specific mental

From the book Fundamentals of Psychology author Stolyarenko Ludmila Dmitrievna

Chapter 5 General and individual in the human psyche, typology of personality 1. Individuality and personality

From the book Individual Relationships [Theory and Practice of Empathy] author Kurpatov Andrey Vladimirovich

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From the book Psychology of Personality in the works of domestic psychologists the author Kulikov Lev

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author Ilyin Evgeny Pavlovich

2.1. The concept of human maturity explanatory dictionary V. I. Dahl’s maturity is interpreted as “the state of the mature, ripeness; maturity, state, degree of prudence”, and mature - as “ripened, ripe; mature, full-grown, adult; thoughtful, thoughtful,

From the book Psychology of Adulthood author Ilyin Evgeny Pavlovich

2.5. Formation of personality maturity Passing through various stages in its development, a person enters into new and new relationships with information, with people, forms a new, deeper understanding of life and himself. Each of the life stages fixes a certain level

From the book Psychology of Human Development [Development of Subjective Reality in Ontogeny] author Slobodchikov Victor Ivanovich

From the book of 100 objections. Man and woman author Frantsev Evgeny

From the book of 100 objections. environment author Frantsev Evgeny

From the book of 100 objections. harmful author Frantsev Evgeny

Hierarchy of criteria Shifting the focus of attention to another criterion that is related to this belief and surpasses it in importance. Questions: Which is more important? Statement: The main thing is to ... More important

You can look at your life through the eyes of an outside observer, take a neutral position in order to evaluate actions, thoughts, emotions. This approach allows you to better understand your strengths and weaknesses and decide in which direction to move on.

2. Self-control

You first think, and then you do, you can calculate the expediency and consequences of actions. An infantile person lives with emotions and momentary desires. Mature - does not break down on loved ones, knows how to remain silent if a stupid conflict is brewing.

3. Gratitude

You have learned from what happened to you and what you managed to avoid. You appreciate the people who make you happy and don't take them for granted.

4. Open-mindedness

You stopped judging a book by its cover, and people - by formal signs and stereotypes, not in words, but in deeds. Teenage maximalism no longer prevents you from realizing that the world is not black and white, those around you can be different from you and remain good, and sometimes there are several correct opinions.

5. Building boundaries

You understand what is acceptable for you in a relationship - love, friendship, work - and how far you are willing to go, what to sacrifice to keep them. And if someone violates, you will act, discuss, and not pretend that nothing happened and everyone lives like that.

6. Sustainable moral standards

You view your actions not through the prism of "what people will think" or "but if someone sees." A mature person has defined moral boundaries. It is not the inevitability of punishment or possible condemnation that warns him against wrong deeds, but a clear realization that this is unacceptable. Therefore, he does not do things that are dubious for himself, even if no one sees and does not know.

7. Responsibility

You are responsible for words and actions, do not promise the impossible, do not shift decisions to another. A mature person realizes that the quality of his life is completely his. External circumstances can make their own adjustments. But if you continue to complain that everything is bad, but do nothing to change the situation, then you are more of an infantile person, and not a victim of circumstances.

8. Self acceptance

You have learned the way you are, with all the advantages and disadvantages. This does not mean that you need to stop improving and correcting shortcomings. But it’s worth learning to be satisfied with yourself now, at any stage of the path to the ideal, because this road has no end and it’s a shame to spend your whole life hating and reproaching yourself.

9. Patience

You stopped relying only on instant results and learned to wait for the fruits of your labor. For some things to happen, it is not enough to want them - you need to work hard. And even this does not guarantee that you will achieve your goal.

10. Self-reliance

You understand that no one should solve your problems. A mature person does not act at random in the hope that someone will help swim out of the abyss. To spend money on a trinket and leave the family without food, thinking that parents or friends will throw some money, is infantilism. Adjust behavior so that if problem situation I had the opportunity to decide everything on my own - an act of a mature person.

11. Ability to learn lessons

Learn from mistakes, but not everyone. A mature person learns from failures, recognizes similar situations and does not allow repeated failures.

12. Constructive engagement with reality

You don’t run away from problems, you don’t close your eyes to them, you don’t think that they will somehow resolve themselves. A mature person recognizes difficulties and looks for ways to cope with them.

13. Honesty

In most cases, you don't feel the need to lie. On the way to maturity, you have surrounded yourself with people with whom this is not required: you do not need to wear masks and embellish reality. If it is nevertheless necessary, a mature person is aware of why he does it. Trying to secure a person's feelings with lies and wanting to manipulate them are not the same thing.

14. Ability to build relationships

A mature person realizes that he is not the center of the universe, therefore he knows how to build equal partnerships in which he not only takes, but also gives. He is able to be compassionate, supportive, attentive and genuinely interested, and accept help without feeling vulnerable.

15. Realistic-optimistic view of the world

You really assess the situation, but do not lose faith in the best and presence of mind. A mature person understands that good things cannot happen continuously, there are failures. But the black stripes end, especially if you do not give up. However, pessimism and defeatist moods can lead to the fact that the forces will not rejoice even on truly bright days.

Can you add to this list? Share in the comments.

22 Feb 2013


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Psychological maturity of the individual underlies the global process of personality integration, around which, one way or another, our whole life is built, and personality maturity directly expressed in its integration. And we can directly say that an integrated personality is a personality that has reached psychological maturity. And it will not be an exaggeration if we say what exactly psychological maturity underlies personal charisma. But what does it consist of personality maturity?

Personal maturity: key indicators

It is customary to distinguish several indicators of the maturity of a person:

  • Chronological maturity- reaching the age when a person is considered to be mature and accomplished;
  • Physiological maturity- physiological maturation, reaching the stage of formation of an adult;
  • social maturity– development of social skills;
  • intellectual maturity- the development of intelligence and the ability to make informed, thoughtful decisions;
  • emotional maturity- the ability to both control their emotions and be in a comfortable emotional state.

It is the emotional maturity of the individual that is the basis of personal integration. But what is it made up of? First, let's look at the main symptoms of emotional immaturity.

Symptoms of psychological immaturity:

1. Explosive behavior;
2. Outbursts of emotions;
3. Low frustration tolerance;
4. Inappropriate emotional response;
5. Excessive sensitivity;
6. Inability to accept criticism;
7. causeless jealousy;
8. Inability to forgive;
9. Capricious change of mood;
10. Increased addiction;
11. Fear of changing the situation;
12. Demanding instant attention and constant empathy;
13. Increased competitiveness and inability to lose;
14. Inability to take responsibility for one's mistakes.

Psychological maturity: main criteria

  • The ability to give and receive love, which is possible only with a developed sense of security, which allows you to have vulnerability. This is the only way to truly love someone.
  • Ability to be realistic about life- the ability to face reality and not turn away from it. The formula “mature people work with their problems, immature people avoid them” works well here.
  • Willingness to give and receive. Giving is not calculated, but to improve the quality of life of other people. And the ability to accept, which is sometimes even more difficult.
  • The ability to positively accept life experiences. This is a state when there is confidence that “no matter what happens to me, I will survive it and become stronger”; giving up the habit of explaining your successes and failures by coincidence.
  • Ability to withstand frustration– the ability to solve problems and remain operational for the required time, and, if necessary, find a more effective approach.
  • Ability to constructively handle hostility- the ability to look for a problem behind the enmity that can be solved, and its solution. Installation on what " The best way get rid of the enemy - make him a friend.
  • Relative freedom from symptoms of tension- relaxed confidence that "I will get everything I have in any case."

How to Develop Personal Maturity: Key Steps

William Glasser, Founder "reality therapy" gives a number of American-style simple, but at the same time intelligible and functional tips:

  • Constant work on understanding and improving yourself;
  • Seek and accept feedback from people;
  • Practice unselfish behavior;
  • Settle all broken contacts with society: say everything that was not said, forgive everyone and ask everyone for forgiveness, return all debts or finally hand over books to the library;
  • Complete all the things that have been postponed;
  • Tidy up your house, and get rid of everything that you do not use - give away unnecessary things to those who need them more;
  • Restore balance in your personal accounting, pay all bills and taxes;
  • Find something in your life; that will be more important than yourself.

And most importantly, the psychological maturity of a person is based on the completeness of life choices, integrity and readiness to cope with emerging obstacles. It can be said even more briefly: the maturity of a person is a readiness for the future.

How to activate the deep potential of the psyche?

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PERSONAL MATURITY: APPROACHES TO THE DEFINITION

A.G. Portnova (Kemerovo)

Resume: Approaches to the definition of the concept of "personal maturity" are analyzed. A review of studies on various aspects of personal maturity is given. The parameters that characterize a mature personality are highlighted. The definition of personal maturity within the framework of a systematic approach is proposed. The ways and prospects for the study of this phenomenon in the age and differential aspects are outlined.

Key words: maturity, personality, personal maturity, development, ontogeny, personal growth.

The processes and patterns of growing up as a stage of ontogenesis are not deprived of the attention of researchers. In psychology, pedagogy, physiology and psychophysiology, at the intersection of these sciences, many works are devoted to both separate and interconnected forecasting of the development of individuality. However, despite the widespread declaration of a humanistic individual approach, attempts to build a system for determining personal changes that can comprehensively describe the trajectory of the individual and personal development an adult, are rare and are characterized, as a rule, by internal inconsistency.

"Now is the time when Scientific research patterns mental development person, the psychological properties of his personality becomes necessary condition further improvement of all forms, methods and means of working with people ... ".

The most important of the consequences of such a discovery by B.G. Ananiev considered the creation of a scientific basis for the design of personality and its strategies, its formation.

Successful formation of a harmoniously and comprehensively developed personality is possible only if the laws of its development are taken into account.

Researchers dealing with the problems of the psychology of personality development traditionally try to answer the questions why and how it develops, i.e. establish the causes of mental development and its mechanisms. However, if development itself is an irreversible, natural and directed process, then it is appropriate to ask questions: “Where is this process directed? What is development for? .

In our opinion, the modern approach to the analysis of development requires turning to such concepts that will provide an answer to the question of the purpose of development, an idea of ​​the variability of goals.

The humanistic direction is considered the "psychology of standards", ideal images of a mature, healthy personality are created here. Unlike adaptive theories of personality, many of which focus on adjustment disorders, it is focused on the study of mature and creative people, on understanding the constructive, creative manifestations of human nature.

An explanation of development from the point of view of this strategy is possible with a clear understanding of the final determination at each age stage, i.e. with a good understanding of the state of the developed system at a given stage, the approach to which gives importance to the processes of achieving it.

However, focusing only on describing the characteristics of the most developed, mature personalities, the researcher will lose the ability to predict the development, personality formation, if he does not take into account the actual make-up of the personality, evaluate current states, including maladaptive ones, that can become a source of personal growth, movement towards maturity.

A more traditional strategy for studying personality development is the description of the initial psychological status of the individual, the source or material basis of all further development (the laws of self-regulation and adaptation of the initial functional structures of the body).

The initial and most developed stage of mental development, at which maturity is reached, forms the basis for the analysis of intermediate stages, forms.

An attempt to integrate the above strategies was made in the works of E. Erickson and E. Fromm. Considering the formation of a person as a process that includes certain stages with their characteristic crises, E. Erickson shows that by the very logic of development, a person is periodically brought to a choice between maturity, health and regression; personal growth, self-determination and neurosis.

A person, accepting the challenge during each psychosocial crisis, gets a chance for personal growth and empowerment. Having successfully resolved one crisis, it advances in its development to the next. Human nature requires personal growth and response to the challenges inherent in each stage of development. E. Erickson proposed to evaluate a person from the point of view of the formation of the characteristics of a mature personality and to look for the origins of the organization of a mature personality at the previous stages of life.

Thus, the maturity of the individual can be considered in the context of the psychological effects of development as its goal. Erickson identifies such qualities

properties of a mature personality, as individuality, independence, originality, courage to be different from others; through education, the norms of society are transmitted, values ​​that are determined by specific economic and cultural conditions. Human development is presented as a process of formation of new qualities, which implies the presence of actual properties and potential properties that affect other personality properties. These potential personality traits determine its susceptibility to influence social environment, through a number of mechanisms determine the degree of inclusion in the system of public relations.

At present, the scientific substantiation of the optimum development of various functions, the identification of actual and potential human capabilities, and the scientific forecasting of development from the point of view of an integral approach are relevant.

The integral approach in psychology is expressed in the fact that the individual phases of the development of a person’s mental characteristics are combined into a single life cycle, taking into account the data obtained in various psychological sciences, where the object of study is the individual phases of a person’s life, as well as other sciences about a person, social and biological. cycles, where age aspects, problems of genesis and development are considered.

Maturity is an integral quality of a personality, therefore it is studied by many sciences: philosophy, sociology, jurisprudence, ethics, pedagogy, psychology, etc.

Current state The problem is actualized by interdisciplinary and intersectoral approaches to the analysis of personality maturity. Their implementation will allow, in our opinion, a comprehensive and targeted search for markers, criteria, signs of personality maturity for the purpose of their subsequent practical assessment.

The sciences of the social and biological cycle contain information about their specific characteristics of a healthy, mature, fully functioning person (physiology, biology, sociology, law, pedagogy, philosophy, ethics).

In the branches of psychology, certain aspects are presented psychological knowledge on the signs of personality maturity (differential psychology, social psychology, personality psychology and developmental psychology).

Acmeology, ontopsychology, cultural anthropology, social pedagogy, new synthetic disciplines, formed at the "junction" of the sciences of social and biological cycles and branches of psychology, are characterized primarily by their constructiveness and practical orientation. Integrating and generalizing knowledge about the progressive development of a person, about the process of reaching maturity, they

became conceptual links in the system of human sciences, human knowledge. It is here, in our opinion, that the most capacious, systemic criteria for the maturity of a person can be found.

The concept of "maturity" is often used in the sciences of the social, humanitarian cycle. “The social maturity of the individual is a concept that captures one of the main achievements of the processes of education and upbringing carried out by the family, school, social environment, and society as a whole. Social maturity is considered as a stable state of the individual, characterized by integrity, predictability, social orientation of behavior in all spheres of life. A mature personality is a person who actively owns his environment, has a stable unity personality traits and value orientations and is able to correctly perceive people and themselves.

“Social maturity, a generalized characteristic of personality development, implies ... the transformation of personality into a full-fledged subject social activities and reaching a certain minimum of development.

IN AND. Mathis gives the following definition of a socially mature person: “... this stable system socially significant features, including professional, ideological, moral maturity, characterizing the social type of personality of a particular society or community.

Insufficient maturity of mental development at the stage of formation of self-consciousness and reflection cannot serve, according to G.S. Sukhobskaya, a reliable basis for the development of socially mature behavior of the individual.

The maturity of a person's mental development as the basis of his social maturity is assessed through social manifestation. The maturity of mental development creates only an opportunity for self-realization of a person as a member of society and individuality. This possibility is realized when assessing human behavior through the prism of social values. With the concept of social maturity, one should associate the internal attitude of the individual only to values ​​that have a positive orientation in relation to the development of mankind, its culture and civilization, to humanistic values.

A new interpretation of the concept of "maturity" is given in acmeology. It fixes the understanding of such a stage in the development of a person when he reaches the heights of the development of abilities, talent, creativity (B.G. Ananiev, A.A. Derkach, N.V. Kuzmina, V.N. Maksimova, etc.).

In socio-psychological and general psychological research, the concept of "maturity" is interpreted in different ways; a large number of studies, both scientific and practical, are devoted to the consideration

understanding of this concept, which is due to the current social situation of human development. Modern society imposes special requirements on the individual, among which personal maturity occupies an important place. Society needs citizens who are the subjects of their lives, which is possible only with the formation of personal maturity. The characteristic of a person as a subject reveals the way a person organizes his life.

Man as a subject, according to A.V. Brushlinsky, initiates and develops its specific activity at the highest level of systemicity. This level is characterized by the utmost integrity, the integrality of all contradictory and diverse components and sublevels. This level of subjectivity can be considered as the highest degree of development of the maturity of the individual, which in turn is one of the components of human maturity.

B.G. Ananiev laid the foundation for the development of the idea of ​​integrating knowledge about a person and the understanding that personality traits develop throughout a person's life path in society, creating his biography.

In domestic psychology, there are serious developments on this issue (B.G. Ananiev, I.V. Dubrovina, K. Muzdybaev, V.I. Slobodchikov,

A.A. Rean, D.I. Feldstein and others). However, the problem of the formation of personal maturity, the factors of its formation has not yet been fully explored, the differences in the formation of personal maturity in men and women in different spheres of life have not been sufficiently revealed. Many questions remain in determining the formal structure of personal maturity and its systemic characteristics.

B.G. wrote about the complexity of determining objective criteria for a person’s maturity. Ananiev, noting that in the psychological literature there was a replacement of the concept of "maturity" with the concept of "adulthood". Even at the individual level, the concepts of "maturity" and "adulthood" are not completely synonymous, they diverge even more when we are talking about adulthood and subject-activity (professional) maturity. These concepts are not identical and describe different psychological reality when the personal level of consideration of a person is meant.

The use of the concept of personal maturity in modern psychological publications involves the allocation of two main aspects - maturity as a stage of life and maturity as a level of development.

In the work of V.M. Rusalov distinguishes definitive and acmeological types of maturity. The first type depends on biological properties of a person, the second characterizes the achievement by mental formations of their highest, acmeological value

knowledge that provides a person with personal growth, the highest levels of his development.

Various aspects of personal maturity were considered in connection with the study of self-actualization (A. Maslow, K. Goldstein, X. Heiligen, M. Daniel,

IN AND. Slobodchikov, E.I. Isaev, N.P. Patturina, E.E. Vakhromov); personal growth (A. Agel, K. Rogers, S.L. Bratchenko); personal mastery (M. Horener, P. Senge); self-realization (K.A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya, E.V. Galazhinsky, I.B. Dermanova,

V.E. Klochko, L.A. Korostyleva, O.M. Krasnoryadtsev, B.D. Parygin, F. Perls, E. Fromm); self-transcendence (V. Frankl, A.A. Rean); self-assertion (R.A. Zobov, V.N. Kelasyev); personal self-realization (L.A. Antsyferova, B.S. Bratus, S. Buhler, E.P. Varlamova, E.A. Lukina); self-consciousness (V.V. Stolin, S.R. Pantileev, N.I. Sardzhveladze); capacity development (B.G. Ananiev, A.A. Bodalev, B.F. Lomov, V.N. Myasishchev, etc.); achievements of acme (A.A. Derkach, M.I. Dyachenko, N.V. Kuzmina, etc.); psychology of the life path of the individual (K.A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya, E.I. Golovakha, E.Yu. Korzhova); subjective activity (V.N. Panferov); life relations and meaningful life orientations (D.A. Leontiev); life orientations (A.A. Grachev); style and meaning of life (LN Kogan); life world (V. Shuts).

It is known that personal maturity is one of the structural components of human maturity. B.G. Ananiev emphasized that the stages of a person's maturity as an individual, as a person, as a subject of activity, cognition, communication do not coincide in time.

Creation of one's own environment favorable for "development and self-realization", according to E.F. Rybalko, is a characteristic sign of a mature personality.

M.Yu. Semenov defines a mature personality as a type that is formed as a result of personal growth and has a formed stable unity of personality traits and value orientations, a developed moral consciousness, an established hierarchical motivational-need sphere dominated by higher spiritual needs. A personally mature person is characterized by the need to go beyond the existing limits of his life and solve the problems of improving and developing both his society and all of humanity, actively owns his social environment.

Researchers identify the following characteristics of a mature personality: developed sense responsibility; the need to care for other people; the ability to actively participate in the life of society and to effectively use knowledge and abilities, to make a constructive decision various problems; emotional maturity.

Research by R.M. Shamionov, conducted under the direction of L.A. Golovey, showed that the personality

real maturity is a complex structural formation that includes the characteristics of responsibility in various areas of activity, emotional maturity, self-control of behavior, independence, adequacy of self-reflection, a high level of realization of life events, adequacy of goal setting.

Personal maturity is included in the general structure of the personality and is interconnected with a number of personal characteristics, such as sociability, adherence to social requirements, gentleness, gullibility, radicalism, self-confidence, naturalness.

Personal maturity is subject to the general laws of ontogenetic development and is characterized by heterochrony. The formation of the parameters of personal maturity goes through a number of stages, in its development sensitive, critical periods and periods of stabilization alternate. The formation of personal maturity is determined by both internal (subjective, objective) and external factors.

At the methodological level in psychology, developed systems approach, it is implemented in relation to the individual. However, at the level of specific studies, as the analysis of literature data shows, individual facts are presented regarding age, gender, and differential psychological manifestations of personality maturity. These facts are scattered and not considered in a single system of knowledge related to various branches of psychology. Integrity is needed in the study of components, signs, markers, criteria of maturity - cognitive, emotional, regulatory (volitional, motivational), and dynamic, productive (competence) in their interconnections. These problems are waiting to be solved.

Despite the availability of works and the variety of possible approaches to the study of maturity, the issues of analyzing maturity as a systemic quality of a person remain unresolved.

In addition, the content of personal maturity, its structural and functional characteristics should be determined by the task of development of each age period.

Until now, the problem of personal maturity has been considered in psychology in terms of studying its structural components, but a differential approach to the study of a person involves an analysis of the components of the problem in the context of his individuality, including at different stages of age development.

This approach will help solve a number of actual problems related to issues of ontogenesis of maturity, sex-role variations in the manifestation of maturity in behavior.

The concept of the systemic nature of personal maturity suggests that it is an integral characteristic, a mechanism for organizing a person’s life, which largely determines the success of his life, life path, professional activity, self-realization, this should be reflected in the degree of different severity of its main features, markers, criteria at different stages of ontogenesis, in gender-role specifics, and various prerequisites for individual aspects.

Three types of theoretical analysis - functional, structural and dynamic - lead to a holistic (systemic) analysis of the phenomenon of personality development in the process of reaching maturity.

In our opinion, maturity is a multi-dimensional, multi-level quality of a personality that has structural, dynamic properties. Level, structural characteristics of maturity are specific at each age stage. In general, the function of personal maturity is the transformation (regulation) of the process of ontogenetic development into a purposeful, systemic, personally conditioned process that acquires individual features both in terms of means, conditions, and for the purposes of this development.

Maturity is a personality quality that determines the ways of implementation and self-realization, organizing life path personality, its direction, strategies of passage, regulating the complex system of relations of the individual with the outside world and himself (to the results of his own activity) and the hierarchization of this system.

Maturity characterizes a personality as a holistic, continuously developing, complex systemic formation, not reducible to the properties, characteristics of its structural components and its individual aspects; defines personality as a complex systemic formation, which can be described in terms of "harmony", "proportionality", "hierarchy", "subordination of its properties".

The development of the psychological concept of personal maturity as a systemic personality trait based on the analysis of age-sex and differential aspects will allow solving a number of topical problems related to issues of ontogenesis and development, gender-role variations in the manifestations of personal maturity.

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PERSONAL MATURITY: THE APPROACHES TO DEFINITION A.G. Portnova (Kemerovo)

summary. The article is about different approaches to the definition of the concept of "personal maturity". It includes a review of various aspects of personal maturity. The author presents different characteristics of mature personality. The personal maturity is defined in the context of the system approach paradigm. The article describes ways and perspectives of scientific research of named phenomenon in age and differential aspects.

Key words: maturity, personality, personal maturity, development, ontogenesis, personal improvement.

  • Sergei Savenkov

    some kind of “scanty” review ... as if in a hurry somewhere