One of the main distinguishing features of modern Russian system education from the Soviet is a wide variety of training programs elementary school. If in Soviet schools all children studied according to the same textbooks (respectively, according to one program), today teachers and parents can choose for themselves how exactly the student will receive necessary knowledge.

One of the main distinguishing features of the modern Russian education system from the Soviet one is a wide variety of primary school curriculum. If in Soviet schools all children studied according to the same textbooks (respectively, according to one program), today teachers and parents can choose for themselves how the student will receive the necessary knowledge. Therefore, parents of future first-graders will have a difficult choice not only of the most suitable school for their child, but also the best, in their opinion, educational program.

And the choice will be really difficult, since today different educational and methodological complexes (TMC) are used even within the same educational institution. In other words, all elementary grades in the same school may follow completely different curricula. In order to make your choice at least a little easier, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with an overview of the main primary school educational programs that exist today.

Traditional and developmental primary school programs

All modern programs primary school can be conditionally divided into traditional and developing. Please note that we did not accidentally use the word "conditionally". Despite the fact that each of the programs has its own characteristics, they are all based on a developmental-active approach to teaching a child, and the traditional program is just as concerned with the development of the child's personality as the developmental one. Naturally, you may have a reasonable question: "Why then is it necessary to classify training programs if they all solve the same problem?"

The fact is that the concept of "developing training program" appeared at a time when education was received in all schools according to one program. According to some experts, this program did not fully correspond to the age and psychological characteristics of children. Therefore, they developed their own learning systems, designed not only to provide basic knowledge, but also to develop imagination, thinking and memory in schoolchildren. As a result, all systems of education alternative to the classical program received the general name "developing".

At the same time, other specialists focused their efforts on updating the traditional program in accordance with modern requirements and trends. Thus, currently presented in Russian schools traditional programs are practically no different from developing ones, and in some cases even surpass them. It should be noted that both traditional and developing elementary school programs fully meet the requirements of the FGOS.

So, what are the main teaching materials now presented in Russian primary schools?

Program "School of Russia"

The National Education Program is the same program that all schoolchildren from the times of the USSR studied, albeit with minor changes. The main idea of ​​the program is to create a school of spiritual and moral development. This EMC is based on problem-search and personality-oriented approaches, and the module of the program involves, first of all, the education of citizens. The program is aimed at developing interest in the history of their country and its significance on a global scale. The most important component of this training program is the development of a child's nature-saving "sense of home", as well as environmental ethics, aimed at the moral and spiritual self-development of the student. Designed for average level, so it can be mastered by almost every child.

21st Century Primary School Program

One of the most popular educational programs, which is used in most subjects of Russia. Popularity programs Primary school of the 21st century for the most part due to the fact that the team of authors of its developers was awarded the prize of the President of the Russian Federation. The main distinguishing feature of this EMC was the construction of a system of targeted pedagogical diagnostics of primary school students, which allows not only to determine the readiness of the child for school, but also to note the strength of assimilation of the acquired knowledge. The principle of teaching this program is built in accordance with the needs of children, as well as taking into account their individual characteristics and level of socialization. It is designed for the average level, so almost every child can master it.

Program "Harmony"

A training program in which the authors combined the main traditional and developmental teaching methods. The main goal of this EMC is the comprehensive development of the student and his preparation for further education. The program is aimed at developing the skills of analysis, comparison, classification and generalization of the acquired knowledge, therefore, a large number of problematic developmental tasks are given in the classroom, which form the student's ability to think and draw independent conclusions. Designed for an above average level, so it can be mastered by most children.

Program "School 2100"

Primary school program School 2100 is a personality-oriented system aimed at the comprehensive disclosure of the child's personal qualities. UMK is designed in such a way that children have the opportunity to learn material of different levels of complexity. The study materials of the program contain a large number of additional information which the child can study at will. The main advantage of "School 2100" is continuity and continuity of education. In other words, the program covers all levels school education, from elementary school to graduation. Designed for a high level, so not all children can master it.

When choosing a school for a child, parents take into account many factors: location, traditions, educational bias of the school, reviews. Now this list has been replenished with another important item: the training program.

There are currently a variety of work programs for each link of the school from grades 1-11 . As a rule, educational institutions choose several educational programs, especially in the primary grades, and parallel classes are taught according to different teaching materials.

Today, parents need to know: How to choose the right educational program and how do they differ? This issue is especially relevant in elementary school, because it depends on how successfully the child will study.

Let's make a reservation right away: it is incorrect to divide programs into "bad and good". All primary school programs according to the Federal State Educational Standards are approved by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. They are simply designed for different ways of perception and take into account the peculiarities of the child's thinking. One thing in common: all programs allow the student to master the necessary minimum knowledge for elementary school. The difference is in the presentation of the material, in the organization learning activities, in a variety of exercises.

Educational programs for elementary school

1. Program "School of Russia"(under the editorship of A. Pleshakov) is one of the oldest and time-tested programs. Since Soviet times, the program has been improved more than once, adapted to the realities of the new time.

Designed for all children and allows you to carefully work out the skills of writing, reading and counting.

2. Program "Primary School 21st century "(Ed. N. F. Vinogradova). The material is complex, designed for erudite children. The program teaches independence, goes big job over the education of interest in the educational process, the ability to properly organize studies. There are many additional materials and exercises aimed at developing memory, logic, outlook, and fantasy. Each student can study at the chosen pace, as tasks of different levels of complexity and different directions are provided.

The main goal of the program is to teach the child to learn.

3. Program "Primary Perspective School". Features: there is no need to cram rules, theorems and axioms. The emphasis is on the development of logic, intelligence and analytical thinking. There are additional hours for drawing, music, physical education.

Suitable for any child, regardless of his level of readiness for school.

4. Program "School 2100"(under the editorship of A. A. Leontiev). This program is gaining more and more fans. The undoubted advantage of the program is the continuity of education, since it can be used from the age of 3 until graduation.

Feature of the program: educational material is given to the maximum, varied, multi-level. The student himself chooses how much knowledge will be sufficient. An individual approach is used for each child.

Suitable for all children.

5. "Harmony"(under the editorship of N. B. Istomin). The program involves close cooperation with parents. Many topics are suggested to be discussed first at home. Much attention is paid to the development of self-education skills.

Priority is given to independent work of students. Techniques of observation, selection, transformation and construction are actively involved. All material is presented in a variety of ways, taking into account the students' own experience, the practical orientation of knowledge.

Suitable for children with analytical thinking and a penchant for technical sciences.

6. "Planet of Knowledge"- focused on the development of creative abilities. In the course of the teaching, schoolchildren compose fairy tales themselves, put on performances, carry out projects, and make presentations.

Gives the necessary minimum of knowledge, skills and abilities. Everything beyond the program is at the request of the students.

Suitable for children with a humanitarian bias.

7. Primary school program "Perspective". Here, much attention is paid to the education of children as citizens of their country, the formation of moral positions.

Many tasks are aimed at developing logic and imagination. Used a huge amount additional material, for each subject - several benefits. The principle of teaching is dialectical. The presentation of the material is accessible, although sometimes boring.

Suitable for all children, regardless of their readiness for school.

8. L. V. Zankov's program. The system includes a huge amount of material. All lessons are equivalent, great attention is paid to the development of logic, analytical thinking, skills independent work. There are electives in computer science, economics, foreign languages. Training is carried out at a fast pace.

Suitable for children well prepared for school.

9. Elkonin - Davydov program. A rather ambiguous program, but very interesting for children. Much attention is paid to theoretical thinking, problem solving, problematic issues and seeking their permission. Learning is slow. Of the minuses, only a discrepancy in some of the terms studied can be noted. So, for example, the authors of textbooks call verbs words of action, and nouns - words-objects. This creates certain difficulties in high school. We hope that it will help you in your work!

The traditional system of education is built like this: the teacher explains new material, in the class he understands in detail. Then the students memorize it, repeat it at home, and the teacher checks their knowledge during control works or answers on the board. Designed for children who did not know how to read before school. Learning to read and write goes hand in hand. In mathematics, more attention is paid to counting skills, less development logical thinking. The content of the material is constantly updated.

Program “School 2100”

Close to traditional teaching methods. Basic principle: development of the child's personality, individual approach. Each child has his own minimum and maximum tasks. Training is built according to the scheme “from simple to complex”. Each time, children are offered not to perform fundamentally new tasks, but similar to the previous ones, but at a more complex level. The purpose of the program: to teach children to navigate in any situation and to adapt to new conditions more easily.

Program "Harmony"

The main idea of ​​the program is the comprehensive development of the child, the preservation and strengthening of the physical and mental health of the child. Focused on the creativity of the child, the program is built on traditional national culture. The learning process combines different types activities: gaming, cognitive, speech, design, natural history, mathematics, etc. Much attention is paid to fine arts. The structure of the program provides for work in two directions: the accumulation of social experience of knowing oneself and the world around (see, hear, play) and the implementation of this experience in the conditions of the child’s independent creative activity (do, create). Training in the classroom is carried out with small subgroups of children (5-8 people) with the determination of the mandatory minimum of program material that a child can learn, taking into account his age and individual capabilities.

waldorf program

The program of the Waldorf Schools combines academic subjects with artistic and practical skills. Widely used and artistic techniques, there is no system of competitive assessments and indicators. Little attention is paid to academic subjects in elementary grades. Reading is not taught until grade 2, although children are introduced to letters (in grades 1 and 2). In secondary school (grades 1-8), students have a class teacher (primary) who teaches, supervises and takes care of children and stays with the class for all 8 years of school.

The main occupations in Waldorf schools are art, music, gardening, foreign languages(usually 2 in high school). In elementary school, subjects are introduced gradually from the artistic environment, since children respond better to this environment than to dry lectures and cramming. All children learn to play the flute and knit.

The participation of parents is required school life.

L. V. Zankov's program

The developing program of very high level of complexity. The child is subject to increased demands. He must be absolutely healthy and developed intellectually. The child needs at least basic reading and numeracy skills, good attention and memory. With this program, the success of teaching is much more than with the traditional system depends on the personality and professionalism of the teacher. Homework is designed in such a way that the child will probably need the help of parents. Zankov's program develops thinking, teaches you to reason, get information yourself and draw conclusions. Emphasis is placed on teaching science and mathematics. The disadvantages of the program are that it is designed only for elementary school, and in high school, children have to adapt to a different educational system.

Community Program

This is an international project of the Open Society Institute. Two teachers work with each class: main and assistant. The main goal of the program is to develop the child’s abilities that would help him adapt in life, constantly learn, think critically, be able to make choices and be responsible for them, set and solve problems, take care of people, and show ingenuity. At first, children are not graded, but successes are noted. The class is divided into several "Centers" of creativity, science, writing, reading. There is a "Corner of Solitude". At the beginning of each school day, the child decides what he wants to do today. Parents are required to participate in the learning process.

Program “School of Tomorrow”

This program includes intensive training English language. The basis of the program: individualized training. Each child is given the opportunity to learn so many educational material which he can assimilate according to his ability. After the child learns to read and write in English in the first grade of elementary school, he moves on to the main program. The program includes 5 core subjects: Mathematics, English, Social Sciences, natural Sciences, word formation, Russian language and literature. The child has his own workplace, called "office", where he always has in front of him a map of his progress (success) and a map of goals (tasks) with which he works every day. Coming in the morning, the student checks what goals he has set for himself for today, and begins to work independently. Before going home, the student sets himself goals for tomorrow.

All public schools in our country teach children according to educational and methodological programs that must comply with the Federal State Educational Standard - the Federal State educational standards. However, their content, however, as well as teaching methods can differ significantly. "Littlevan" tried to figure out how the formation of certain curricula for elementary grades takes place, which of them are officially allowed for use, and how they differ from each other.

Curricula: general provisions

Many parents of future first-graders are concerned about what program their children will study, and whether they can somehow influence its choice. According to the current legislation and educational standards, each school has the right to create its own. However, it can only be based on educational literature, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation dated March 31, 2014 No. 253 (with subsequent amendments, the last dated April 21, 2016) “On approval of the federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education". The so-called "federal list" is not a disparate set of textbooks, but several completed subject lines, which, in turn, are integral part certain programs - educational and methodological complexes (EMC). Each of them has its own principles and features. The UMC is created by one team of authors with a specific supervisor.

So choose a specific curriculum a parent can only indirectly - by knowing in advance which school teaches according to the textbooks of the CMC they like, and, if possible, by enrolling their child there (we wrote about the rules for admission to grade 1 - here and here). Some schools, where parallel classes are taught according to different teaching materials, test children to determine which program is more suitable for them.

What UMC are allowed today?

Today, the federal list lists textbooks that are included in the following educational and methodological complexes:

• "School of Russia",
• "RHYTHM",
• "Perspective"
• "Primary school of the XXI century",
• "Promising Primary School"
• "Planet of Knowledge"
• The system of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov,
• "Primary innovative school".

The list should be updated every three years or more frequently. So, since 2014, including on the basis of negative expert opinions, textbooks previously distributed in many countries have been removed from it. schools: "School 2000", "School 2100", "Dialogue", "Harmony". And in the developing system of education of L. V. Zankov, only fine art manuals are now recommended!

However, it should be borne in mind that all books and notebooks that are no longer included in the federal list can be used for education for another 5 years after the entry into force of the relevant acts. In addition, over time, some completed subject lines of textbooks within the framework of one TMC may be excluded and replaced in the list of recommended ones with new ones (an appropriate order is issued by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation).

One more nuance. Primary school teachers themselves have the legal right to choose which textbooks to build on. educational process(and follow this choice for all 4 years of study). However, they do not necessarily belong to one specific UMC. The main thing, we repeat, is that all textbooks be listed in the federal list.

Peculiarities

This project of the Enlightenment publishing house is currently perhaps the most common system of textbooks in Russian schools. The CMC has existed since 2001 and since then has been updated and supplemented more than once. Its peculiarity is its focus on the formation of universal learning activities The child has. As advantages of the “School of Russia”, parents on Littleone.ru note the simplicity, consistency and “understanding” of the presentation of the material (the presence of rules, algorithms for solving problems), as well as the fact that it is most similar to what was taught in “Soviet childhood” . At the same time, the simplicity of the program, compared with other teaching materials, is also attributed to its shortcomings. Some also note with a minus sign that during training, imagination and one's own logical thinking. About authors and textbooks.

Reviews of members of the forum about UMK. , , , , , , , , , .

"RITM" stands for "Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking”, which very clearly defines the peculiarity of this WCU. The program integrates all primary school subjects and is based on the principles of revealing the individuality of each student, instilling in him the ability to think creatively and independently. Its basis is the revised, supplemented and brought into line with the Federal State Educational Standards of the teaching materials “Classical Primary School” (previously very common, now its textbooks are excluded from the list of recommended ones). This EMC is quite rare in elementary school now, there are few reviews on it. The textbooks are published by the Drofa publishing house. About authors and textbooks.

Reviews of members of the forum about UMK. , , , , .

Another set of textbooks published by Prosveshchenie. Since 2010, Lyudmila Georgievna Peterson, a laureate of the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education, has been the supervisor of this teaching staff. In contrast to the “School 2000” excluded from the federal list, this EMC, with some similar principles, causes more sympathy for parents. It is based on the idea that the teacher only pushes for knowledge, the child himself must “discover” it. At the same time, some say that the program is difficult for average children and is largely designed for intuitive understanding and independent extracurricular work. Other parents, on the contrary, attribute its complexity, focus on cognitive activity to the advantages of the WCU and recommend it for children with a mathematical mindset. About authors and textbooks.

Reviews of members of the forum about UMK. , , , , , , .

According to the methodology of this EMC, each child acts as a researcher and is an equal subject of the learning process (and not “listened-remembered-repeated”). The program involves a lot of tasks for fantasy and ingenuity. The system of textbooks is published by the publishing center "VENTANA-GRAF". It is part of the UMC "Algorithm of Success" system. Parents of children enrolled in the program note its intricacy and inconsistency in the presentation of material as disadvantages. Others attribute the long period of adaptation of the child to school, the difference from the "Soviet school", a strong philological component to the pluses and call the UMK "quite adequate and interesting." Most agree that it will be easier to study according to the program for those children who entered the 1st grade, already knowing how to read, but at the same time, not being able to write. About authors and textbooks.

Reviews of members of the forum about UMK. ,

Program "School of Russia" for elementary school - one of the most famous projects of the Prosveshchenie publishing house in the country. This is the elementary school kit that we all learned in Soviet time, with some changes. Since 2001, the EMC "School of Russia" has been working as a single whole. The authors of the "School of Russia" program are scientists whose names are known to everyone who works in the primary education system: V.G. Goretsky, M.I. Moro, A.A. Pleshakov, V.P. Kanakina, L.M. Zelenina, L.F. Klimanov and others.

The main purpose of elementary school, according to the authors, is educational. Hence the tasks: the development of the child's human qualities that meet the ideas of true humanity: kindness, tolerance, responsibility, the ability to empathize, readiness to help others teach the child conscious reading, writing and counting, correct speech, instill certain labor and health-saving skills, teach the basics of safe vital activity the formation of natural motivation for learning.

The elementary school program "School of Russia" is considered traditional, most children master it without any problems.

Expert opinion

“I have been working at a school with children for many years according to the traditional School of Russia program,” says a primary school teacher. secondary school No. 549 of Moscow Tatyana Mikhailovna Bobko. “Our parents studied under this program, as did I, and my children. All grew up quite educated people. I think that this program is needed, it was, is and will always be. The traditional program allows you to carefully practice the skills of learning activities (reading, writing, counting) that are necessary for successful education in high school. IN last years interesting educational kits have been published that meet modern educational requirements (mathematics - author M.I. Moro, Russian language - author T.K. Ramzaeva), which are aimed at developing the cognitive abilities of the student.

Primary school of the 21st century

Educational kit "Primary school of the XXI century"(under the editorship of N. Vinogradova) is aimed at ensuring a "soft" adaptation of children to the new conditions of school life for them. The program was developed by a team of scientists from the Institute of Content and Teaching Methods of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Russian Academy advanced training and retraining of educators, Moscow state university. Project leader - Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education, Doctor pedagogical sciences, professor Vinogradova Natalya Fedorovna. The system of teaching materials "Primary school of the XXI century" is issued by the publishing center "VENTANA-GRAF".

The main objectives of the program are: the formation of the main components of educational activity (if we discuss the position of a student, then this is the answer to the questions “why am I studying”, “what should I do to solve this learning task”, “how do I complete the learning task and how do I do it”, “what are my successes and what do I fail”).

Organization educational process designed in such a way as to provide a situation of success for each student and the opportunity to learn at an individual pace.

The basic principle of education is that the elementary school should be nature-friendly, that is, meet the needs of children of this age (in knowledge, communication, various productive activities), take into account the typological and individual characteristics of their cognitive activity and the level of socialization. A schoolchild is not just a “spectator”, “listener”, but a “researcher”. Based on the principles, it can be assumed that this program will be comfortable for children who need soft adaptation to everything new for them, whether it be a team or type of activity. All courses have a long preparatory period.

Expert opinion

“I have been working on this program for the third year, I like it very much,” says Irina Vladimirovna Tyabirdina, a primary school teacher at secondary school No. 549 in Moscow. - Frankly, the material is designed for strong erudite children. With what baggage of knowledge the student will go to high school depends on the elementary teacher. Therefore, the main goal is to teach the child to learn. It is also important that Vinogradova’s kit implements the child’s right to their individuality: children are placed in conditions where they can independently acquire knowledge, apply it, think, fantasize, play (special notebooks “Learning to think and fantasize”, “Learning to know the world around) are provided” .

Parents' opinions about the program

“We finished studying under the Vinogradova program. At first, they waited a long time for the children to really start learning. By the second grade, they realized that she was not so easy. She also has some disadvantages: a large number of notebooks, which they do not completely have time to go through. Well, we, who studied under Soviet programs, do not like everything in the current education, so we find fault with little things.

"Promising Elementary School"

"Perspective Primary School" is the result of many years of work of a team of employees of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the agro-industrial complex and the PPRO, Moscow State University, Moscow State Pedagogical University. EMC "Perspective Primary School" publishes the publishing house "Akademkniga / Textbook".

The main idea of ​​the EMC "Promising Primary School" is the optimal development of each child on the basis of pedagogical support for his individuality (age, abilities, interests, inclinations, development) in the conditions of specially organized educational activities, where the student acts either as a student, or as a teacher, then in the role of the organizer of the educational situation.

"Planet of Knowledge"

The first set of textbooks and programs for elementary school, in which the state standard- "Planet of Knowledge". Among the authors are 4 honored teachers of Russia.

The program is developed taking into account the psychological and age characteristics of younger students, based on the principle of variability, thanks to this, the possibility of teaching children with different levels of development is laid.

The task system of the set provides students with the right to choose, to make a mistake, to help, to succeed, thereby contributing to the creation of psychological comfort during learning.

Expert opinion

“The program is interesting,” comments the primary school teacher of secondary school No. A.S. Pushkin, Moscow Natalya Vladimirovna Chernosvitova. - A variety of texts on the Russian language and reading are perfectly selected. Apart from good lyrics on reading, interesting questions, developing tasks were compiled. The child must come up with a fairy tale, think up the text, make a drawing. Mathematics is interesting in that each task leads the student to the answer on his own. Not like in the standard program: the teacher explained - the student fulfilled. Here is a different approach. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that there is a soft transition from the Planet of Knowledge to the traditional program. For fourth grade students, we introduce tasks from the fifth grade, so, in my opinion, this program has some advantages. As for reading, everyone says in unison: "Children read well."

I note that ahead of the standard program, the "Planet of Knowledge" does not overload students. If we take everyone's favorite mathematics according to L.G. Peterson, it requires a physical and intellectual approach. To study under the "Program 2100" or "Harmony", the child must be already prepared. According to the "Planet of Knowledge" you can teach any children with kindergarten training, including at toddler age. Studying under this program, children are noticeably different from those who study under the classical one. These kids are creative. There is only one minus in this program - the teacher, who has worked for many years according to the traditional program, must be reorganized. Although for such teachers in Central District special courses are held.

"RHYTHM"

A set of textbooks “Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking” (“RITM”) is intended for grades 1-4 of educational institutions. The authors of the textbooks are well-known scientists and methodologists who have a serious influence on the formation of modern primary education. The educational and methodical set (EMC) "RITM" is published by the publishing house "Drofa".

The main principles of the program are that every child: must be successful; is included in active educational and cognitive activity; gets the opportunity to reveal their individuality; learns to think creatively and independently, meaningfully communicate with peers and adults.

"Perspective"

The author of the program is the scientific adviser, Ph.D., director of the Center for System-Activity Pedagogy "School 2000" of the AIC and PPRO, laureate of the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education - L.G. Peterson. By the way, her personal textbooks are not included in the list of state textbooks.

The educational program "Perspective" was created on a conceptual basis that reflects modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy, while maintaining a close connection with the best traditions of classical school education in Russia.

The advantage of teaching according to the Perspektiva UMC is that the system for constructing educational material allows each student to maintain and develop interest in discovering and learning new things.

In textbooks, tasks are offered in such a form that the cognitive activity, cognitive interest and curiosity of the child develop into a need to learn new things, to learn independently. The student at each lesson, as it were, reveals the content of future topics.

Parent feedback

“The program is too simple, weak mathematics, little time is devoted to writing. At the school of the future first grader, they studied according to Peterson, the child learned more than in the entire first grade according to "Perspective". But it is perfect for children with whom they did not really study before school. All topics are long "chewed" by the teacher. Homework is easily done without the participation of parents, except for the outside world. According to him, reports or presentations are systematically set, which the child cannot do on his own, I have to do everything.

Development system L.V. Zankova

This program is aimed at providing conditions for self-realization, for revealing the individuality of the child, his inner peace. One of critical tasks- educating a junior student about himself as a value. Education should be focused not so much on the whole class as a whole, but on each individual student. At the same time, the goal is not to “pull up” weak students to the level of strong ones, but to reveal the individuality and optimally develop each student, regardless of whether he is considered “strong” or “weak” in the class.

Distinctive feature Zankov system is training on high level difficulties, passing the educational material "in a spiral". When completing tasks, children learn to draw theoretical conclusions, creatively comprehend the material.

Expert opinion

“I love the L.V. system very much. Zankova, - says Nadezhda Vladimirovna Kazakova, deputy director for educational work of secondary school No. 148 in Moscow. – The children I taught under this program are now in the seventh grade. As a specialist, I see excellent results in my studies. Schoolchildren are excellent at reasoning, arguing, the development of their horizons compares favorably with their peers, they have higher working capacity.

“The program is aimed at the comprehensive development of the child, it teaches children to get information themselves, and not to receive ready-made information,” adds L.V. Zankova Tatyana Vladimirovna Korsakova, head of the Methodological Association of Teachers of Primary School No. 148 in Moscow. “By graduating from elementary school under this system, children become more liberated, they have about three times more knowledge than their peers.”

D.B. system Elkonina - V.V. Davydov

The educational system of D. B. Elkonin-V.V. Davydov has already more than 40 years of history of existence: first in the form of developments and experiments, and in 1996, by the decision of the Board of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the educational system of Elkonin-Davydov was recognized as one of government systems. A special place in this system is given to theoretical knowledge and the logical side of learning. The level of subjects taught is extremely difficult.

The Elkonin-Davydov education system involves the formation of a large set of skills in primary school graduates. The child must learn to look for missing information when faced with a new task, to test their own hypotheses. Moreover, the system assumes that junior school student will independently organize interaction with the teacher and other students, analyze and critically evaluate their own actions and the points of view of partners.

The main principle of this system is to teach children to acquire knowledge, to search for it on their own, and not to memorize school truths. The system of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov is suitable for those who want to develop in a child not so much the ability to analyze, but the ability to think unusually, deeply.

In the Elkonin-Davydov system, however, the lack of marks can scare away. But experts assure that everything is under control: teachers communicate all the necessary recommendations and wishes to parents and collect a kind of portfolio of students' creative works. It also serves as a performance indicator instead of the usual diary.